0530

Question 1

thalassemia mutations cause?

Answer 1

defective mRNA processing, which leads to deficiency of protein chains needed for Hb synth

Question 2

almost all pts on L-dopa tx will experience what?

Answer 2

dyskinesia- uncontrollable choreiform movements of face and feet.

due to unpredictable drug response.

Question 3

trigeminal n. arises at level of?

Answer 3

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 4

insulin causes tyrosine kinase to activate protein phosphatase which does what?

Answer 4

dephosphorylates glycogen synthase to promote glycogen synth.

dephosphorylates fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase to inhibit gluconeogenesis.

Question 5

thromboxane A2

Answer 5

platelet aggregation.
vasoconstriction.
proliferation of vasc SMCs.

Question 6

PGI2

Answer 6

inhibits plt aggregation.
vasodilation.
inhibits prolif of vasc SMCs.

Question 7

corticosteroids inhibit what?

Answer 7

phospholipase A2- decreasing prostaglandin and leukotriene synth

Question 8

which meds cause fat redistribution?

Answer 8

1. glucocorticoids- lead to Cushing syndrome.

2. HAART- lead to lipodystrophy.

Question 9

S.aureus protein A

Answer 9

part of outer peptidoglycan layer.

binds Fc portion of IgG to prevent activation of complement (decrease C3b prod = impaired opsonization)

Question 10

main site of regulation of potassium concentrations in tubular fluid and urine

Answer 10

cortical collecting duct-

increase K secretion:
high dietary K.
aldosterone.
alkalosis.
thiazide/loop diuretics.

Question 11

histo of GERD

Answer 11

basal zone hyperplasia.
elongated lamina propria papillae.
inflamm cells (E, N, L).

Question 12

what causes the LV outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic CM?

Answer 12

abnormal systolic anterior motion of anterior leaflet of MITRAL VALVE toward a hypertrophied interventricular septum

= systolic ejection murmur

Question 13

where does great saphenous vein drain to?

Answer 13

medial aspect of leg and thigh into FEMORAL VEIN w/in femoral triangle, inferolateral to pubic tubercle

Question 14

sulfur granules of actinomyces

Answer 14

do not actually contain sulfur- yellow aggregations of organisms bound by proteins

Question 15

side effects of low potency antipsychotics

Answer 15

Chlorpromazine: Corneal deposits.

Thioridazine: retinal deposits resembling retinitis pigmentosa.

Question 16

acid-base abnormalities caused by salicylate intox

Answer 16

1. resp alkalosis happens soon after ingestion- stimulate medullary resp center to hyperventilate.
2. anion gap metabolic acidosis begins as organic acids accumulate in blood.

Question 17

fatty oxidation inhibitors

Answer 17

inhibit FA oxidation.
shift energy prod to glucose oxidation, which promotes oxygen efficiency.
beneficial for angina tx.

(FA oxidation provides more ATP but also requires more O2)

Question 18

how does digoxin cause decreased rate of AV conduction?

Answer 18

increase parasymp tone via vagus n.

Question 19

how does digoxin increase ventricular contractility?

Answer 19

block Na-K-ATPase on cardiac myocytes so more calcium is available intracellularly for excitation-contraction coupling

Question 20

when does mitral stenosis due to rheumatic heart disease typically occur?

Answer 20

later in life (middle aged).

first few decades = mitral regurg.

Question 21

anesthetics with high blood/gas partition coefficients

Answer 21

more soluble in blood.
slower onset of action.
slower equilibration with brain.