Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

All subjects Q > 0522 > Flashcards

0522 Flashcards

1
Q

multiple ring-enhancing brain lesions

A

with oral thrush,
lymphadenopathy
in HIV pt

= toxoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

S4

A

heard when there is a sudden rise in EDVP caused by NORMAL atrial contraction against stiff ventricle (less compliant).

aka atrial sound/gallop.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

N.meningitidis presents with?

A

high fever, chills, AMS.
petechial skin rash due to Neisseria-induced small vessel vasculitis, esp on palms and soles.

TX: IV ceftriaxone for at least 2 wks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

afferent limb of pupillary light reflex

A

retina
optic nerve
optic chiasm
optic tract fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

most optic tract fibers project to?

A

lateral geniculate nucleus (visual pathway)

but some go to pretectal nucleus in Midbrain (pupillary light reflex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lactic acidosis in septic shock

A

impaired tissue oxygenation decreases oxidative phosphorylation. PYRUVATE is shunted to LACTATE after glycolysis.

hepatic hypoperfusion also contributes to lactate build up since liver is primary site for lactate clearance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why are non-selective beta blockers contraindicated in pts with asthma or COPD?

A

can cause bronchoconstriction

  • can also cause peripheral vasospasm, hypoglycemia (decreased glucagon)
  • selective beta-blockers are better
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

duration of paralysis by succinylcholine (depolarizing NMJ blocker) depends on….?

A 
its catabolism by plasma cholinesterase- 
slow metabolizers (or continued dosing) result in conversion to phase II blockade effectively reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ion concentrations in cytoplasm of normal cell

A

low Na,
high K.

*ECF is reversed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

permeability of resting cell membrane

A

high perm to K- K outflow maintains neg charge inside cell.

moderate perm to Na- small influx of Na decreased membrane potential so that is is always less negative than equilibrium potential of K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

preferred tx for moderate to severe RA

A

methotrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MTX side effects

A

*stomatitis (painful mouth ulcers).
*hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis.
*myelosuppression.
opportunistic infx.
B cell lymphoma.
pulmo fibrosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens when a tRNA is mischarged?

A

if not corrected by AA-tRNA synthetase’s proofreading function, the wrong AA will go ahead and be incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the major cause of UV radiation damage?

A

UVB radiation (290-320 nm).

cause of sunburn, skin damage, immunosuppression, skin aging, photo-carcinogenesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what absorbs UVB radiation specifically?

A

PABA esters-

do not absorb or block radiation in UVA wavelength range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what role does UVA have?

A

contributes to cutaneous photo damage.

  • absorbed by avobenzone
  • BROAD SPECTRUM: zinc oxide-containing sunscreens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TX of giardia

A

metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does giardia colonize?

A

duo and jejunal mucosa-

cause chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, flatulence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

typical presentation of herpes zoster

A

unilateral vesicular rash
localized to single dermatome
in elderly pt.

due to REACTIVATION of latent VZV within a single dorsal root sensory ganglion.

20
Q

post-herpetic neuralgia

A

neuro complication of VZV infx.
“stabbing” localized dermatomal pain.
persists for more than one month after zoster eruption.

occurrence increases with AGE.

21
Q

what blocks the final common pathway of gastric acid secretion from parietal cells?

A

PPIs, regardless of what stimulated the parietal cells (ACh, histamine, gastrin, etc)

22
Q

what do “spikes” of membranous glomerulopathy contain?

A

IgG and C3

“spike and dome” on methenamine silver stain

23
Q

severe DKA can result in…?

A

pulmonary edema or significantly decreased mental status, which can lead to RESP FAILURE and lack of respiratory compensation for the anion gap metabolic acidosis

24
Q

PCOS

A
  1. obesity.
  2. hyperandrogenism (estrogen, androgen, LH).
  3. oligomenorrhea.
  4. infertility.
  5. enlarged ovaries w/multiple cysts.
25
Q

common SX of vit E deficiency

A

neuromuscular disease

+ hemolytic anemia

26
Q

agents that increase hepatic cholesterol synth

A

fibrates and
bile acid binding agents.

increased risk of GALLSTONES.

27
Q

tx with hypolipidemic drugs requires monitoring of?

A

LFTs, esp with STATINS.

*statins also cause myopathy

28
Q

prokaryotic 16S rRNA

A

part of 30S ribosomal subunit.
contains sequence complementary to Shine-Dalgarno sequence on mRNA (thus, necessary for INITIATION of protein translation)

29
Q

lung abscess on CXR

A

cavitary lesion.

air-fluid level.

30
Q

wide negative transepithelial potential difference in CF

A

due to LESS luminal chloride secretion, MORE sodium and water absorption (dehydrated mucus) - in most EXOCRINE glands EXCEPT SWEAT glands

31
Q

hypersensitivity in M.tuberculosis infx

A

type IV delayed type cell-mediated.
cause tissue destruction.
granulomatous inflamm.
caseous necrosis.

32
Q

transmission of parvovirus B19

A

resp route

33
Q

hypokalemia due to diuretic tx

A

decrease in intravascular fluid volume stimulates aldosterone secretion, leads to increased K and H excretion into urine.

results in HYPOKALEMIC METAB ALKALOSIS.

(in most diuretics except K-sparing ones)

34
Q

what often happens around lung abscess?

A

suppurative destruction of lung parenchyma within abscess cavity - due to LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES released by neutrophils and macrophages (also contributes to abscess formation)

35
Q

what muscle does valsalva maneuver engage?

A

rectus abdominis- increase intraabdominal and intrathoracic pressure

36
Q

isoretinoin (accutane)

A

synthetic derivative of vit A for severe acne

37
Q

what needs to be done in conjunction with isoretinoin tx?

A

preg test BEFORE starting tx.

sexually active pts should use TWO forms of contraception and have monthly preg tests.

38
Q

main pathogenic mechanism of Shigella

A

MUCOSAL INVASION- spreads laterally from entry to other epith cells

(shiga toxin is less important, helps stop protein synthesis)

39
Q

which fungi form broad nonseptate hyphae that branch at right angles?

A

mucor, rhizopus, absidia spp.

40
Q

what differentiates aspergillosis from mucormycosis?

A

light microscopy of affected tissue- aspergillus has septate hyphae that branch at 45deg angles (V-SHAPED)

41
Q

complication of disseminated N.gonorrhoeae infx?

A

septic arthritis

42
Q

acute bacterial arthritis in sexually active young adults most often due to?

A

N.gonorrhoeae

43
Q

septic arthritis in children and non-sexually active adults?

A

S.aureus

44
Q

varicella IgG Abs

A

immunity against chickenpox reinfection BUT no protection against herpes zoster (reactivation of VZV)

45
Q

staphyloenterotoxemia

A

S.aureus: highly heat-stable enterotoxin causes rapid-onset nausea, vomiting, cramps after ingestion of preformed exotoxin

46
Q

causes of rapid-onset food poisoning

A
  1. S.aureus.

2. B.cereus.

All subjects Q (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions