0522 Flashcards
(46 cards)
multiple ring-enhancing brain lesions
with oral thrush,
lymphadenopathy
in HIV pt
= toxoplasmosis
S4
heard when there is a sudden rise in EDVP caused by NORMAL atrial contraction against stiff ventricle (less compliant).
aka atrial sound/gallop.
N.meningitidis presents with?
high fever, chills, AMS.
petechial skin rash due to Neisseria-induced small vessel vasculitis, esp on palms and soles.
TX: IV ceftriaxone for at least 2 wks.
afferent limb of pupillary light reflex
retina
optic nerve
optic chiasm
optic tract fibers
most optic tract fibers project to?
lateral geniculate nucleus (visual pathway)
but some go to pretectal nucleus in Midbrain (pupillary light reflex)
lactic acidosis in septic shock
impaired tissue oxygenation decreases oxidative phosphorylation. PYRUVATE is shunted to LACTATE after glycolysis.
hepatic hypoperfusion also contributes to lactate build up since liver is primary site for lactate clearance.
why are non-selective beta blockers contraindicated in pts with asthma or COPD?
can cause bronchoconstriction
- can also cause peripheral vasospasm, hypoglycemia (decreased glucagon)
- selective beta-blockers are better
duration of paralysis by succinylcholine (depolarizing NMJ blocker) depends on….?
its catabolism by plasma cholinesterase- slow metabolizers (or continued dosing) result in conversion to phase II blockade effectively reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors
ion concentrations in cytoplasm of normal cell
low Na,
high K.
*ECF is reversed.
permeability of resting cell membrane
high perm to K- K outflow maintains neg charge inside cell.
moderate perm to Na- small influx of Na decreased membrane potential so that is is always less negative than equilibrium potential of K
preferred tx for moderate to severe RA
methotrexate
MTX side effects
*stomatitis (painful mouth ulcers).
*hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis.
*myelosuppression.
opportunistic infx.
B cell lymphoma.
pulmo fibrosis.
what happens when a tRNA is mischarged?
if not corrected by AA-tRNA synthetase’s proofreading function, the wrong AA will go ahead and be incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain
what is the major cause of UV radiation damage?
UVB radiation (290-320 nm).
cause of sunburn, skin damage, immunosuppression, skin aging, photo-carcinogenesis.
what absorbs UVB radiation specifically?
PABA esters-
do not absorb or block radiation in UVA wavelength range
what role does UVA have?
contributes to cutaneous photo damage.
- absorbed by avobenzone
- BROAD SPECTRUM: zinc oxide-containing sunscreens
TX of giardia
metronidazole
what does giardia colonize?
duo and jejunal mucosa-
cause chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, flatulence.
typical presentation of herpes zoster
unilateral vesicular rash
localized to single dermatome
in elderly pt.
due to REACTIVATION of latent VZV within a single dorsal root sensory ganglion.
post-herpetic neuralgia
neuro complication of VZV infx.
“stabbing” localized dermatomal pain.
persists for more than one month after zoster eruption.
occurrence increases with AGE.
what blocks the final common pathway of gastric acid secretion from parietal cells?
PPIs, regardless of what stimulated the parietal cells (ACh, histamine, gastrin, etc)
what do “spikes” of membranous glomerulopathy contain?
IgG and C3
“spike and dome” on methenamine silver stain
severe DKA can result in…?
pulmonary edema or significantly decreased mental status, which can lead to RESP FAILURE and lack of respiratory compensation for the anion gap metabolic acidosis
PCOS
- obesity.
- hyperandrogenism (estrogen, androgen, LH).
- oligomenorrhea.
- infertility.
- enlarged ovaries w/multiple cysts.
