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0524 Flashcards

1
Q

osteoid matrix accumulation around trabeculae

A

rickets

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2
Q

subperiosteal thinning/resorption with cystic degeneration

A

hyperparathyroidism

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3
Q

trabecular thinning with fewer interconnections

A

osteoporosis

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4
Q

lamellar bone structure resembling a mosaic

A

Paget’s disease

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5
Q

cement lines in Paget’s disease

A

irregular sections of lamellar bone linked by areas of previous bone resorption

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6
Q

primary (unmineralized) spongiosa filling medullary canal with no mature trabeculae

A

osteopetrosis

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7
Q

Bartonella henselae

A
  1. cat-scratch disease.
  2. bacillary angiomatosis.
  3. culture-negative endocarditis.
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8
Q

cat-scratch disease

A

low fever.
lymphadenopathy.
self-limited.

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9
Q

infxs assoc. with Reiter’s syndrome

A 
Chlamydia.
Campylobacter.
Yersinia.
Salmonella.
Shigella.
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10
Q

secondary infx in pts with influenza

A

elderly pts at risk.

most commonly due to:

  1. S.pneumoniae.
  2. S.aureus.
  3. H.influenzae.
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11
Q

why are influenza pts vulnerable to secondary bacterial infx?

A

virally-induced damage to mucociliary clearance mechs of resp epithelium

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12
Q

indications for long-term uric acid tx

A

(allopurinol or uricosuric drugs)

  1. macroscopic tophaceous deposits.
  2. more than 3 episodes/yr.
  3. uric acid stones.
  4. gross elev of serum uric acid.
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13
Q

during aerobic exercise, increased skel muscle CO2 production causes?

A

increased PCO2 of mixed venous blood

decreased pH of venous blood

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14
Q

what happens to O2 content of venous blood during exercise?

A

decreased bc exercising muscles extract add’l O2

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15
Q

tx of Lyme disease

A

doxycycline, ceftriaxone, or penicillin-type ABx

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16
Q

what drug can help pts with tobacco cessation by reducing cravings and decreasing the rewarding effects of nicotine?

A

varenicline: partial agonist of nicotinic ACh receptors

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17
Q

nicotine patch

A

full agonist of nicotinic ACh receptors in CNS- stimulates reward pathways

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18
Q

what is the most likely outcome for a pt that is acutely infected with HCV?

A

stable chronic hepatitis.

closely followed by chronic hepatitis progressing to cirrhosis.

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19
Q

which d/o affects DIP joints?

A

OA

20
Q

antibodies in celiac sprue

A

anti-gliadin.
anti-reticulin.
anti-endomysial.

21
Q

what is necessary for acute pyelonephritis to develop?

A

vesicoureteral reflux- so bacteria can ascend from bladder to ureters/kidneys

22
Q

microscopic findings in acute pyelo

A

massive interstitial infiltration with neutrophils.
neutrophils also fill tubular lumina.

may also see tubulorrhexis and microabscesses.

23
Q

morning stiffness in RA

A

lasts more than 30 min

24
Q

anti-phospholipid Abs

A
  1. SLE

2. APLA syndrome

25
Q

APLA syndrome

A
  1. hypercoagulability.
  2. paradoxical INCREASED PTT.
  3. recurrent miscarriages.
26
Q

growth factors required for H.influenzae

A

X (hematin).

V (NAD+).

27
Q

Legionella pneumonia

A
  1. high fever, relative bradycardia.
  2. headache, confusion.
  3. watery diarrhea.
  4. HYPOnatremia.
  5. sputum Gm stain with many neutrophils, few organisms.
28
Q

which pneumonia is assoc. with hyponatremia?

A

Legionella ONLY.

29
Q

which pneumonia has a CXR that appears worse than the pt?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

30
Q

pneumonia with GI sx (watery diarrhea)

A

Legionella

31
Q

major virulence factor of S.pyogenes

A

protein M:
inhibits phagocytosis and complement.
mediates bact adherence.

32
Q

which staph bug can ferment MANNITOL?

A

S.aureus only

33
Q

GI bugs that cause diarrhea with a small inoculum

A

Shigella (10).
Campyolbacter (500).
Entamoeba histolytica (1).
Giardia (1).

34
Q

toxoplasmosis encephalitis

A

multiple necrotizing brain lesions in both cerebral hemispheres (ring-enhancing on MRI)…

lead to fever, HA, AMS, focal neuro findings, seizures.

35
Q

toxoplasmosis TX

A

pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine.

36
Q

most common cause of bact meningitis in adults of all ages

A

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE

37
Q

TX of coag-neg staph infx (ex: S.epidermidis)

A

empiric tx with vancomycin +/- rifampin or gentamicin due to widespread resistance

38
Q

scarlet fever bug

A

GAS- S.pyogenes

39
Q

scarlet fever sx

A 
pharyngitis, possible gray exudates. 
inflamed strawberry tongue.
fever.
blotches that become sandpaper-like rash. 
circumoral pallor.
40
Q

EF-2 function

A

needed for tRNA to insert new AA into growing protein chain during translation

41
Q

vitiligo

A

partial or complete loss of epidermal MELANOCYTES resulting in absent pigment.

connected to autoimmune disorders.

42
Q

increased melanosome aggregates within melanocyte cytoplasm

A

cafe au lait spots

43
Q

what does TATA box bind?

A

transcription factors and RNA pol II

44
Q

what does CMV cause in immunocompetent adults?

A

subclinical infx.

if clinical sx develop, it is mononucleosis.

45
Q

decreased neutrophil (leukocyte) alkaline phosphatase

A

CML

46
Q

areas first affected by ischemic colitis

A
  1. splenic flexure.
  2. distal sigmoid colon.

(watershed areas, affected by hypotension and low perfusion states)

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