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All subjects Q > 0529 > Flashcards

0529 Flashcards

1
Q

imperforate anus is most commonly assoc with?

A 
GU tract malformations-
renal agenesis,
hypospadias,
epispadias, 
bladder extrophy
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2
Q

striate of occipital lobe

A

= primary visual cortex.

cuneus gyrus: lower visual field.
lingual gyrus: upper visual field.

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3
Q

physio changes in dilated cardiomyopathy

A

ventricular dilatation.
contractile (systolic) dysfunction.
S&S of CHF.

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4
Q

when does diastolic dysfunction occur?

A

when there is impaired LV filling due to reduced LV compliance.

ex: hypertensive heart disease.
restrictive CM.
hypertrophic CM.

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5
Q

most common heart sx in SLE

A

pericarditis-

chest pain radiating to neck and shoulders, relieved by sitting up.

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6
Q

result of high altitude for several days

A

hypoxemia with chronic resp alkalosis

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7
Q

long term sequelae of hydrocephalus in early infancy

A

lower extremity spasticity, muscle hypertonicity and hyperreflexia due to stretching of periventricular pyramidal tracts.

also:
visual disturbances.
learning disabilities.

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8
Q

chronic lymphedema

A

may be due to axillary LN dissection.

predisposes to cutaneous angiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves syndrome).

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9
Q

NNRTI (non-nucleoside reverse transciptase inhibitors)

A

nevirapine, efavirenz, delavirdine.

do not require activation by intracellular phosphorylation.

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10
Q

pseudomonas features

A 
Gm neg rod.
motile.
aerobic.
non lactose-fermenting.
oxidase positive.
pyocyanin pigment.
grape/fruity odor.
endotoxin (fever, shock).
exotoxin A (inactivate EF-2).
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11
Q

arteriovenous conc gradient in anesthetics

A

reflects solubility of anesthetic in tissues.

HIGHER gradient = more soluble = high tissue uptake = slower onset of action.

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12
Q

most potent class of diuretics

A

LOOP-

used for edema in various settings (pulmo, CHF, peripheral)

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13
Q

third part of duodenum is closely assoc with?

A

uncinate process of pancreas and SMA

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14
Q

SMA syndrome

A

transverse portion of duo is entrapped btn SMA and aorta, causing sx of partial intestinal obstruction

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15
Q

what happens when antidepressants are used in the depressed phase of bipolar d/o?

A

rapid switch to mania

*need to use with antipsychotic or mood stabilizer

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16
Q

where does parvovirus B19 replicate?

A

bone marrow (tropic for erythroid precursor cells, esp pronormoblasts and normoblasts)

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17
Q

nitrogen atoms of urea molecule are derived from?

A

NH3 and aspartate

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18
Q

rate-limiting enzyme of urea cycle?

A

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I.

activated by N-acetylglutamate (NAG).

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19
Q

how is Listeria eliminated from body?

A

cell-mediated immunity (neonates and immunocompromised are vulnerable)

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20
Q

hemolysis by Listeria

A

very narrow zone of beta-hemolysis on sheep blood agar (similar to beta-hemolytic strep)

21
Q

stasis dermatitis

A

due to chronic venous insuff (in varicose veins).

erythema and scaling with progressive dermal fibrosis and hyper pigmentation.

22
Q

lipoprotein lipase deficiency

A

results in increased conc of serum chylomicrons which contain triglycerides.

high serum TG (above 1000 mg/dL) = risk of acute pancreatitis.

23
Q

how do cholinergic agonists affect endo cells?

A

bind muscarinic receptors.

promote release of NO (EDRF), which activates guanylate cyclase and diminishes endo calcium conc to cause VASODILATION.

24
Q

thalamic syndrome

A

total sensory loss on contra side of body.

NO MOTOR DEFICITS but proprioception problems may lead to trouble walking and falling.

25
Q

tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)

A

cofactor for tyrosine, DOPA, serotonin, and nitric oxide synthesis

26
Q

atypical PKU

A

deficient dihydrobiopterin reductase = deficiency of BH4

27
Q

how does diphtheria toxoid prevent disease?

A

stimulate neutralizing Ab prod (IgG) against B subunit of exotoxin- prevents Binding to host cell membrane receptors

28
Q

presentation of constrictive pericarditis

A

slowly prog dyspnea.
peripheral edema.
ascites.

29
Q

narcolepsy TX

A

scheduled daytime naps

+ psychostimulants (modafinil)

30
Q

early-onset pericarditis post-MI

A

days 2-4.
inflamm rxn to transmural cardiac muscle necrosis that occurs in adjacent visceral and parietal pericardium.

TX: aspirin.

31
Q

late-onset pericarditis post-MI

A

1 wk-months later.
DRESSLER’s SYNDROME.
autoimmune.

32
Q

GABA rxns

A

synth from glutamate via glutamate decarboxylase.

catabolized by transamination via GABA transaminase.

*BOTH rxns use B6

33
Q

GABA-A receptor binds what?

A

benzodiazepines.
barbiturates.
alcohol.
zolpidem.

*all have diff binding sites (except benzos and zolpidem)

34
Q

GABA-B differs from other GABA receptors in that?

A

it is linked to G-protein.

GABA-A and -C are ion channels.

35
Q

sotalol

A

class 3 anti arrhythmic.

  1. beta blocking abilities: cause mild bradycardia.
  2. K channel blocking abilities: cause QT prolongation.
36
Q

recurrent lobar hemorrhages

A

due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

more benign than HTN hemorrhagic strokes.

37
Q

how do beta blockers affect renin?

A

inhibit renin release by blocking beta 1 receptor on JG cells

38
Q

where are beta 1 receptors found?

A

cardiac tissue and renal JG cells-

increase cAMP levels

39
Q

chronic thiamine (B1) deficiency leads to diminished ability of cerebral cells to?

A

use glucose-

due to decreased function of enzymes that need B1 cofactor (PDH, alphaKG DH, transketolase)

40
Q

what enzyme is elevated in thiamine deficiency and is thus diagnostic?

A

erythrocyte transketolase

41
Q

valproate in pregnancy

A

increased risk of NTDs (valproate inhibits intestinal folic acid absorption)

42
Q

cardiovascular dysphagia

A

due to dilated LA putting pressure on esophagus.

LA enlarged due to mitral stenosis or LV failure.

43
Q

very high levels of hCG can cause…?

A

hyperthyroidism- stimulate TSH receptors

44
Q

what helps clotting in hemophilia?

A

addition of thrombin to pt’s blood (pt cannot convert prothrombin to thrombin)

45
Q

N-acetylcysteine in CF

A

mucolytic.

cleaves disulfide bonds within mucus glycoproteins to loosen thick sputum.

46
Q

vit A overdose

A 
intracranial HTN (papilledema).
skin changes.
hepatosplenomegaly.
47
Q

lymphogranuloma venerum

A

chlamydia trachomatis L1-3.
painless ulcers that progress to painful inguinal lymphadenopathy and ulceration.
chlamydial inclusion bodies in cytoplasm.

48
Q

Hib virulence relies on?

A

PRP capsule-

prevents phago and intracellular killing by neutrophils

49
Q

unencapsulated H.influenzae strains cause?

A

local infxs only- sinusitis, bronchitis, otitis media

part of normal flora

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