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---chicago--- > 05 - urinalysis > Flashcards

05 - urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

cause of hemoglobinuria

A

intravascular hemolytic anemia

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2
Q

cause of bilirubinuria

A

hepatic/biliary dz

extravascular hemolytic anemia

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3
Q

4 main causes of hyposthenuria

A
  1. resistance to ADH
  2. increased water consumption (hyperthyroidism, hypercalcemia)
  3. lack of medullary concentrating ability (addisons)
  4. medications or fluid therapy
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4
Q

hyposthenuria

4 causes of resistance to ADH (nephrogenic DI)

A
  1. cushing’s
  2. pyometra
  3. pyelo
  4. hypercalcemia
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5
Q

6 causes of isosthenuria (1.008-1.012)

A
  1. renal dz
  2. DM
  3. resistance to ADH
  4. increased water consumption
  5. lack of medullary concentrating ability
  6. medications/fluid therapy
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6
Q

1 cause of hypersthenuria

A
  1. dehydration
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7
Q

3 causes of acidic pH

A
  1. metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, lactic acidosis, addison’s)
  2. high protein diet
  3. paradoxical aciduria (acid urine pH with metabolic acidosis) due to severe vomiting
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8
Q

3 causes of basic urine

A
  1. recent meal
  2. artifact
  3. UTI (urease producing bacteria)
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9
Q

3 causes of proteinuria

(small amount can be normal)

A
  1. pre-renal (overload, hypertension)
  2. renal (glomerular, tubular)
  3. post-renal (inflammation, hemorrhage, neoplasia)
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10
Q

4 causes of glucosuria

A
  1. DM
  2. stress (cats)
  3. pyelo
  4. lepto
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11
Q

1 cause of ketonuria

A
  1. diabetic ketoacidosis
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12
Q

5 causes of hematuria

A
  1. UTI
  2. iatrogenic
  3. urinary calculi
  4. coagulopathy (uncommon)
  5. neoplasia
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13
Q

2 causes of bilirubinuria

(can be normal in small amounts in dogs - espically when concentrated)

A
  1. liver dz/bile duct obstruction
  2. hemolysis
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14
Q

4 causes of pyuria

A
  1. UTI or inflammation (cystitis, pyelo, nephritis, prostatitis)
  2. urinary calculi
  3. genital tract infection/inflammation
  4. neoplasia
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15
Q

increased epithelial cells - 3 causes

(can be normal)

A
  1. UTI
  2. urinary calculi
  3. neoplasia
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16
Q

casts

  1. low numbers of hyaline/fine granular can be normal
  2. hyaline casts -> ?
  3. pyelonephritis -> what kind?
  4. renal injury -> what kind of casts?
A
  1. glomerular dz
  2. epithetlial cell casts, WBC casts
  3. granular (fine or coarse) WBC casts
17
Q

crystals can be normal in all urine

  1. struvite can indicate UTI
  2. Calcium oxalate -> cushings, ethylene glycol
  3. ammonium biurate -> PSS, liver dz
A
18
Q
A

---chicago--- (6 decks)

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