04 - serum chemistry

Question 1

(6) decreased glucose

Answer 1

1. neonatal
2. liver failure
3. sepsis
4. insulinoma
5. addison’s
6. toxins (insulin, xylitol)

Question 2

4I Glucose

Answer 2

1. DM
2. stress
3. pancreatitis
4. cushing’s

Question 3

1D Creatinine

Answer 3

marked muscle wasting

Question 4

3I Creatinine

Answer 4

1. Pre-renal (dehydration, d CO, Addison’s)
2. Renal (infectious/inflamm, toxic, ischemic)
3. post renal (UO, leakage)

Question 5

4D BUN

Answer 5

1. liver dz
2. low protein diet
3. PU/PD (DM, Cushing’s)
4. drugs (steroids)

Question 6

3I BUN

Answer 6

same as creatinine + GI bleeding

Question 7

3D phosphorus

Answer 7

1. ^urinary excretion (DM, hyperPTHism, hyperCa of malignancy)
2. translocation (insulin)
3. defective bone mobilization (eclampsia)

Question 8

1I phosphorus

Answer 8

1. dec urinary excretion (dec GFR, frowing animals, hypoPTHism)

Question 9

5D Calcium

Answer 9

1. CKD
2. pancreatitis
3. dec albumin
4. ethylene glycol
5. hypoPTHism

Question 10

6I Calcium

Answer 10

1. hypercalcemia of malignancy
2. idiopathic (cats)
3. primary hyperPTHism
4. addison’s
5. granulomatous inflammation (fungal)
6. toxins (vit D)

Question 11

4D Sodium

Answer 11

1. GI loss (vomiting, diarrhea)
2. addison’s
3. DM
4. renal loss

Question 12

3I sodium

Answer 12

1. GI pure water loss (diarrhea, vomiting)
2. pure water loss (fever, panting)
3. inadequate water intake

Question 13

5D Potassium

Answer 13

1. CKD (Cats)
2. GI loss
3. renal loss
4. dec intake
5. translocation

Question 14

4I Potassium

Answer 14

1. AKI
2. UO
3. addison’s
4. pseudohyperkalemia (post-collection)

Question 15

3 dec na/k ratio

Answer 15

1. addison’s
2. DM
3. gastroenteritis/diarrhea

Question 16

chloride - just know sodium

Question 17

5d bicarb

Answer 17

1. Diabetic ketoacidosis
2. renal failure
3. toxins
4. vomiting and diarrhea
5. lactic acidosis

Question 18

4I Bicarb

Answer 18

1. vomiting
2. GI obstruction
3. decreased potassium
4. diuretics

Question 19

dec anion gap rarely significant

Question 20

increased anion gap -> metabolic acidosis

Question 21

3 Dec TP

Answer 21

1. dec production (malabsorption/nutrition, GI parasitism, liver failure)
2. increase loss (hemorrhage, PLN, PLE)

Question 22

4 I TP

Answer 22

1. dehydation
2. chronic inflammation
3. infection (viral, rickettsial, chronic bacterial)
4. neoplasia (plasma cell)

Question 23

2 D albumin

Answer 23

1. dec production (liver dz, maldigestion/absorption/nutrition, inflammation)
2. increased loss (hemorrhage, PLN, PLE, addisons)

Question 24

1I albumin

Answer 24

1. hemoconcentation (dehydration)

Question 25

3d globulin

Answer 25

1. hemorrhage
2. GI dz (PLE, parasitim, maldigestion/absorption)
3. pacreatic dz -> maldigestion

Question 26

4i globulin

Answer 26

1. hemoconcetration
2. inflammation
3. infection (FIP, other)
4. neoplasia (plasma cell)

Question 27

1dec ALT

Answer 27

end stage liver dz (rarely significant)

Question 28

6I ALT

Answer 28

1. inflam/infectious
2. toxic (nsiads, steroids, phenobarb)
3. hypoxia/hypoperfusion
4. metabolic (hyperT4, hepatic liipidosis, cushing’s, DM)
5. neoplasia
6. trauma

Question 29

dec AST not significant

Question 30

Inc AST same as ALT

Question 31

dec ALP not significant

Question 32

3I ALP

Answer 32

1. cholestasis (cushings, HL, DM, mucocele/cholelith, hyperT4, neoplasia, inflammation (cholangitis/pancreatitis)
2. drugs (steroids, phenobarb)
3. osteoblastic in young/osteosarc

Question 33

ggt same as alp

Question 34

dc TBili not significant

Question 35

Tbili

Answer 35

Question 36

4d cholesterol

Answer 36

1. dec prod (liver dz)
2. dec absorption (low fat diet, SI dz (severe)
3. increased loss (lympangiectasia)
4. addison’s

Question 37

3I cholesterol

Answer 37

1. increased absorption (post-prandial)
2. hypothyroidism
3. DM, pancreatitis, cushing’s

Question 38

2i amylase

Answer 38

1. pancreatic dmg
2. dec GFR

Question 39

CK

Answer 39

muscle damage