05 - Midterm - lab Flashcards
Nutrition Management for infants involves two key stages:
breastfeeding and complementary feeding
Begin with smooth purees to allow infants to learn to swallow.
Start with Purees
Refers to the process of providing an infant with foods and liquids in addition to breast milk or formula, typically starting around 6 months of age, as breast milk alone becomes insufficient to meet their growing nutritional needs.
Complementary feeding
Texture Progression
Start with Purees
Progress Gradually
Move from purees to mashed foods, then to softer finger foods as the infant develops chewing and swallowing skills.
Progress Gradually
Start with two to three meals per day, gradually increasing the frequency and portion sizes as the infant grows and shows increased appetite.
Frequency
As they approach one year, introduce healthy snacks between meals.
Snacks
Monitoring Growth and Health
Regular Pediatric Check-Ups
Watch for Allergies
Ensure proper hygiene during food preparation to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. Wash hands, clean surfaces, and cook foods thoroughly.
Food Preparation
Responsive Feeding
Watch for Cues
Avoid Pressure
Pay attention to the infant’s hunger and fullness cues. Encourage them to eat when they’re hungry and allow them to stop when they show signs of fullness.
Watch for Cues
Regularly track the infant’s growth and development with healthcare providers to ensure they are meeting growth milestones.
Regular Pediatric Check-Ups
Introduce new foods one at a time and observe for potential allergic reactions. It can be beneficial to introduce allergenic foods early to potentially prevent allergies.
Watch for Allergies
If breastfeeding is not possible or fully adequate due to medical, personal, or other reasons,
Mixed Feeding
Look for signs such as sitting up with support, showing interest in food, and the ability to swallow.
Sign of Readiness
Since iron stores deplete around 6 months, introduce foods like fortified cereals, pureed meats, and legumes.
Iron-rich Foods
Introduction to Solid Foods
Timing
Sign of Readiness
Types of Complementary Foods
Iron-rich Foods
Fruits and Vegetables
Allergenic Foods
Start with pureed or mashed fruits and vegetables; options like bananas, avocados, sweet potatoes, and peas are great choices.
Fruits and Vegetables
Recent recommendations suggest introducing potential allergens (like peanuts, eggs, and fish) early, as it may help prevent allergies.
Allergenic Foods
Feeding Practices:
Texture Progression
Timing and Frequency
Responsive Feeding
Pay attention to the infant’s cues and avoid pressuring them to eat; children will regulate their own intake.
Responsive Feeding
Key Nutrients for Infants:
Iron
Vitamin D
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Zinc and other vitamins/minerals
Essential for cognitive development; ensure rich dietary sources.
Iron
Important for bone health; might require supplementation if sunlight exposure is limited.
Vit. D
Crucial for brain development; consider sources like fish and fortified products.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Essential for growth and immune function, often found in diverse foods.
Zinc and other vitamins/minerals
Avoiding Common Pitfalls
Honey
Salt and Sugar
Juice
Avoid before 1 year due to risk of botulism.
Honey
it can lead to dental issues and should not replace whole fruits.
Juice
