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Speech Science > 04 - Systems of Speech Production > Flashcards

04 - Systems of Speech Production Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three systems of speech production?

A

Repiratory System

Laryngeal System

Supralaryngeal System

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2
Q

What is the respiratory system?

(2)

A

Air Source

Power

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3
Q

What is the Laryngeal System?

(2)

A

Sound source

Vocal chord vibration

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4
Q

What is the Supralaryngeal System? Where is it?

A

Sound filter

Above the larynx

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5
Q

What are the parts of the Respiratory System?

(5)

A

Trachea

Lungs

Rib Cage

Abdomen

Air Passageways

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6
Q

The Respiratory System serves as an “______” in speech production.

A

Air pump

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7
Q

What is an Eggressive sound?

A

One made with expiration

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8
Q

What is an Ingressive Sound?

A

One made with inflowing air

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9
Q

What are the two steps of the Respiratory System?

A

Inspiration increasing the thoracic cavity volume

Expiration with air released past the vocal cords enabling vibration

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10
Q

What are the parts of the Vocal Tract?

(3)

A

Pharynx

Mouth

Nose

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11
Q

When the organs in the vocal tract move, the ______ of the vocal tract is ______ forming ________.

A

Shape

Altered

Various sounds

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12
Q

Where is the Larynx located?

A

Between the trachea and the hyoid bone

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13
Q

Is the hyoid part of the larynx?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What is the Glottis?

A

The space between the true vocal folds

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15
Q

Paired folds meet to ______.

A

Close the Glottis

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16
Q

Each vocal fold consists of ____ and ______.

A

Muscle

Vocal ligament

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17
Q

What is the vocal fold muscle called?

A

Thyroarytnenoid

/θaɪroʊ’ærɪˈtiːnɔɪd/

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18
Q

The vocal folds course from the ______ near the angle and below the ______. They then diverge posteriorly and attach to the ______ of the ______.

A

Thyroid Cartilage

Thyroid Notch

Vocal Processes

Arytenoids

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19
Q

The Thyroarytenoid muscle has ______ and _____ parts and the latter is the _______ that can vibrate.

A

External

Internal

Vocalis Muscle

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20
Q

The external thyroarytenoids pull the arytenoids ______ and ______ them.

A

Forward

Rotate

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21
Q

What are the ventricular folds?

A

False vocal folds

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22
Q

One glottal cycle constitutes an ______ and _____ of the ______.

A

Opening

Closing

Glottis

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23
Q

What part of the Glottis opens first?

A

The middle

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24
Q

How does mechanical coupling stiffness determine the glottal cycle?

A

It creates the strength of the connection between the upper and lower portions of the mucosal cover of the vocal folds

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25
Q

How does stiffness determine the glottal cycle?

A

It determines the degree of longitudinal tension of the vocalis muscle

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26
Q

How does mass determine the glottal cycle?

A

By determing the thickness of the vocalis muscle

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27
Q

How do viscous (gelantinous) forces determine the glottal cycle?

A

By determining the dissipation of the force applied to the tissue

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28
Q

How does Bernouli Force determine glottal cycles?

A

It creates the drop in pressure at the medial edge of the vocal folds

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29
Q

What is Bernoulli’s Law?

(2)

A

Before an event occurs, there is a lot ot potential energy (pressure) but very little kenetic energy (velocity)

After an event occurs, there is a lot of kenetic energy (velocity) but very little potential energy (pressure)

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30
Q

How does age affect the average fundamental frequency?

A

It drops

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31
Q

How does age affect the length of the vocal folds?

A

They lengthen

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32
Q

What is the point of the Posterior Cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle?

(2)

A

You yank on it to get the vocal folds out of the way

The more width you want, the more you yank

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33
Q

What is the path of the Posterior Cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle?

A

Cricoid Cartilige - Posterior Surface

  • to -

Arytenoids - Muscular Processes

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34
Q

The Posterior Cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle is the only intrinsic laryngeal muscles who contraction ______ the vocal folds.

A

Abducts

(Opens)

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35
Q

What do the Interartyenoid (IA) muscles do?

A

Brings the vocal folds together

36
Q

What are the two Interartyenoid (IA) muscles?

A

Transverse Arytenoid

Oblique Arytenoid

37
Q

What is the path of the Transverse Arytenoid (TA)?

A

Arytenoid - Postero-Lateral Margin

  • to -

Contralateral Arytenoid - Same Region

38
Q

What does the Transverse Arytenoid (TA) do?

A

Adducts arytenoids

39
Q

What is the path of the Oblique Arytenoid (OA)?

A

Arytenoid - Posterior Surface, Lateral Margin

  • to -

Contralateral Arytenoid - Apex

40
Q

What does the Oblique Arytenoid (OA) do?

(2)

A

Adducts

Draws the pieces of the artenoids together

41
Q

What does the Lateral Cricoarytenoid (LCA) muscle do?

(3)

A

Swings the arytenoid cartiliges together closing the folds

Adducts

Closes and tenses the vocal folds

42
Q

What is the path of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid (LCA) muscle?

A

Cricoid Cartilage Arch - Superior Border

  • to -

Arytenoids - Muscular Processes

43
Q

What does the Cricothyroid (CT) muscle do?

(2)

A

Pulls the thyroid forward elevating the cricoid arch

Regulating pitch by tensing or lengthening the vocal folds

44
Q

What is the path of the Cricothyroid (CT) muscle?

A

Cricoid Arch - Antero-Lateral Aspect

  • to -

Thyroid - Inferior Cornu, Caudal Margin

45
Q

How can the Cricothyroid (CT) muscle affect the POSITION of the vocal folds?

46
Q

How can the Cricothyroid (CT) muscle affect the LEVEL of the vocal folds?

47
Q

How can the Cricothyroid (CT) muscle affect the LENGTH of the vocal folds?

48
Q

How can the Cricothyroid (CT) muscle affect the THICKNESS of the vocal folds?

49
Q

How can the Cricothyroid (CT) muscle affect the EDGE of the vocal folds?

50
Q

How can the Cricothyroid (CT) muscle affect the MUSCLE of the vocal folds?

51
Q

How can the Cricothyroid (CT) muscle affect the MUCOSA of the vocal folds?

52
Q

What do the Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles do?

A

Yanking on them lowers the pitch at the end of an utterance

53
Q

What are the two masses in the vocal folds?

A

Muscle Layer

Epithelial Layer

54
Q

The point of having a vocal tract is to _______ and to _______.

A

Produce a buzz

Filter the buzz

55
Q

What happens when the Posterior Cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle doesn’t go off?

(3)

A

You may sound breathy

You might not be able to phonate

You might stutter

56
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

A musculomembranous tube that starts the base of the skull and fills the cricoid cartilage in front

57
Q

The pharynx can radiate sound in what two ways?

A

Orally

Nasally

58
Q

The position of the ______ affects the radiation of the sound.

59
Q

What is the Velopharynx?

A

The velum and the pharyngeal walls

60
Q

What is the Velopharngeal Port?

A

The opening between the oral-pharyngeal and nasal cavities

61
Q

What is the uvula?

A

the pendulous tip at the end of the velum

62
Q

What is the hard palate?

A

the boney roof of the mouth

63
Q

What is the velum?

A

The soft palate

64
Q

Which lip tends to move more?

A

The lower lip

65
Q

Where is the aveolar ridge?

A

Right behind the teeth

66
Q

The tongue is a ______.

A

Muscular Mass

67
Q

The BODY of the tongue is _______.

A

It’s bulk or mass

68
Q

The Tip of the tongue is _______. Why is it important?

A

Apex

It’s used to make more than 50% of consonants

69
Q

The BLADE of the tongue is _______.

A

The area right behind the tip

70
Q

The DORSUM of the tongue is _______.

71
Q

The ROOT of the tongue is _______. What does it form?

A

Behind the dorsal region

Front wall of the pharynx

72
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Low

B = High

73
Q
  • Larynx -

Label the following:

A

A = Epiglottis

B = False Vocal Folds (Ventricular Folds)

C = Vocal Folds

74
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Vocal Tract Resonance

B = Glottal Tone

C = Subglottal Air (under pressure)

75
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Radiated Spectrum

B = Vocal Tract Response Characteristics

C = Spectrum of Glottal Sound Source

76
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Phonetic Planning

B = Motor Planning

C = Motor Execution

D = Sensory Information

77
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Auditory Representation

B = Motor Representation of vocal fold tension

C = Realization of vocal fold tension

78
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Vocalis

B = Cricothyroid

C = Strap Muscles

D = Tongue Muscles

79
Q

Label the following:

A

A = CT Angle

B = Larynx Height

C = Hyoid Position

80
Q

-Posterior Cricoarytenoid -

Label the following:

A

A = Vocal Process of Arytenoid

B = Thyroid Notch

C = Muscular Process of Arytenoid

D = Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle

81
Q
  • Larynx -

Label the following:

A

A = Hyoid Bone

B = Epiglottis

C = Thyroid Cartilage

D = Cricoid Cartilage

82
Q
  • Larynx -

Label the following:

A

A = Hyoid Bone

B = Thyroid Cartilage

C = Cricoid Cartilage

83
Q
  • Interarytenoid -

Label the following:

A

A = Apex

B = Oblique Arytenoid Muscle

C = Muscular Process of Arytenoid

D = Transverse Arytenoid Muscle

84
Q
  • Glottis -

Label the following:

A

A = Cartinagious Glottis

B = “Whisper” Triangle

C = Musclular Glottis

85
Q

What is happening here?

A

Cricothryoid Muscle pulling the thyroid forward elevating the cricoid arch

This regulating pitch by tensing or lengthening the vocal folds

Speech Science (8 decks)

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