04 - small animal thoracic

Question 1

1. yellow
2. orange
3. green
4. black
5. curvy yellow

Answer 1

1. hard palate
2. soft palate
3. pharynx
4. larynx
5. hyoid

Question 2

(laryngeal)

1. laryngeal paralysis -> rgraphs usually normal

Question 3

(trachea)

(tracheal collapse)

1. signalment?
2. collapse of intrathoracic trachea best seen on inspiratory or expiratory films?
3. tracheal hypoplasia -> ?
4. tracheal stenosis usually occurs secondary to what?
5. tracheitis -> looks how on radiographs?

Answer 3

1. toy/small breeds
2. expiratory
3. congenital narrowing of the entire trachea
4. trauma
5. normal

Question 4

(pulmonary)

1-4. what are the four lung patterns?

Answer 4

1. interstitial
2. bronchial
3. alveolar
4. vascular

Question 5

(interstitial lung pattern)

1. can be divided into what two types?

Answer 5

1. structured (nodular) or unstructured (diffuse)

Question 6

(bronchial lung pattern)

1. thickening of the bronchial walls and ^opacity within the lumen
2. how does this look on rgraphs?
3. what is bronchiectasis?
4. when is brochial pattern seen?

Answer 6

2. donuts in cross section and tram lines in longitudinal section
3. lack of normal tapering of the bronchi
4. inflammatory dz (allergic or infectious)

Question 7

(alveolar lung pattern)

1. more or less opaque than interstitial?
2. causes loss of visulatizionat of pulmonary vessels and structures adjacent to the affected lung

Answer 7

1. more

Question 8

(vascular)

1. and increase or decrease in the size of the pulmonary arteries and veins

(most common)

1. heartworm disease -> causes what?
2. left-sided heart failure -> results in what?

Answer 8

1. ^ size of pulm arteries, become tortuous and blunted, caudal lobar arteries are most commonly affected
2. pulmonary venous distension and concurrent pulmonary edema

Question 9

what lung pattern is this?

Answer 9

interstitial

Question 10

what lung pattern is this?

Answer 10

bronchial

Question 11

(viral pneumonia)

1. lung pattern?
2. lobe location?

Answer 11

1. diffuse interstitial
2. easiest to see in dorsal caudal lung lobes

Question 12

(bacterial pneumonia)

1. what’s it look like?

Answer 12

1. cranioventral alveolar dz

Question 13

(fungal pneumonia)

1. see what?

Answer 13

1. structured interstitial pattern (miliary to nodular) that is diffuse

(may see concurrent lymphadenopathy)

Question 14

(pulmonary lung patterns)

(metastatic neoplasia)

1. most common pattern?

Answer 14

1. nodular pattern

Question 15

(pulmonary lung patterns)

(primary neoplasia)

1. solitary lung lobe mass
2. what lobes most affected?

Answer 15

2. caudal

Question 16

(pulmonary lung patterns)

(pulmonary edema - cardiac)

1. left sided heart failure -> ?

(pulmonary edema - non-cardiac)

1. numerous causes: neurogenic (post-seizure), electric cord schock, vasculitis

Answer 16

1. interstitial to alveolar pattern, starts perihilar and spreads

Question 17

(pulmonary lung patterns)

(pulmonary hemorrhage)

1. contusions with trauma -> ?

most severe when?

2. anticoagulant toxicity -> variable distrubution

Answer 17

1. distribution variable with interstitial to alveolar pattern

within 24 hours of trauma

Question 18

(pulmonary lung patterns)

(pulmonary abscess)

1. uncommon. may be focal or multifocal and either solid or cavitary

Question 19

(pulmonary lung patterns)

(cavitary lesions)

1. what are ddx if walls are thick and irregular (4)?
2. what if smooth-thin walled structures (4)?

Answer 19

1. abscess, neoplasia, parasitis disease, granulomas
2. cysts, bulla, blebs, pneumatoceles

Question 20

(pulmonary lung patterns)

(lung lobe torsion)

1. pleural effusion -> ?

Answer 20

1. ^opacity of the lung lobe

Question 21

(pulmonary lung patterns)

(pulmonary thromboembolic disease)

1.

Answer 21

and…