01 - small animal orthopedics

Question 1

1. what five things should be described?

Answer 1

2. size, number, opacity, shape, location

Question 2

(bone healing)

Question 3

(fracture complications)

give the term

1. lack of progression of healing after 16 weeks
2. fracture healed in abnormal alignment
3. osteomyelitis: variable osteoproductive an lytic
4. implant failure: broken or migration of implants

Answer 3

1. nonunion
2. malunion

Question 4

(fracture complications)

1. angular limb deformity commonly due to what?
2. portion of bone lacking vascular supply is not incorporated in healing process?
3. fracture associated sarcomas: rare -> occur apporximately 5 years after fracture

Answer 4

1. premature closure of distal ulnar physis
2. sequestrum

Question 5

(agressive bone disease)

1-3. define by what 3 things?

Answer 5

1. periosteal reaction
2. type of bone lysis
3. zone of transition btwn normal and abnormal bone

Question 6

(neoplasia)

1. where do primary bone tumors (usually osteosarcoma) occur?

tend to cross joints?

Answer 6

1. away from elbow and toward the knee

NO

Question 7

bone biopsy is often required to get a definitive dx on aggressive bone dz

Question 8

(congenital)

give the term

1. one or more extra digits
2. bony fusion of one or more digits

Answer 8

1. polydactyly
2. syndactyly

Question 9

(developmental)

(panosteitis)

1. signalment?
2. what do you see on radiographs?

Answer 9

1. young, large to giant breed dogs (german shephard and basset hound most common)
2. ^ inctramedullary opacity of long bones

Question 10

(developmental)

(hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD))

1. signmalment?
2. what do you see on rgraphs?

Answer 10

1. disease of young to large to giant breed dogs
2. abnormal lucent lines (double physeal line) in metaphysis (most commonly in distal antebrachium)

Question 11

(hypertrophic osteopathy (HO))

1. signalment?
2. secondary to what?
3. see on rgraphs?

Answer 11

1. older dogs
2. thoracic mass
3. palisading periosteal rxn and soft tissue swelling of multiple long bones; bilaterally symmetrical

starts distal and progresses up limb

Question 12

(spine)

(atlantoaxial subluxation)

1. what is this?
2. signalment?
3. radiographic findings?

Answer 12

1. congenital malformaiton or hypoplasia of the dens
2. young small and toy breeds
3. widening of the space btwn the atlas and spinous process of the axis

abnormal or absent dens

Question 13

(cervical spondylopathy (wobbler syndrome, cervical vertebral instability))

1. signalment?
2. radiographic findings?
3. often need what for a definitive dx?

Answer 13

1. young great danes and older doberman pinschers
2. malformation of vertebral bodies (C5-C7), malalignment of vertebral bodies, intervertebral disk space narrowing, spondylosis deformans, sclerosis of the vertebral end plates, degen changs of the articular facets
3. myelography

Question 14

Question 15

(Intervertebral disk disease)

1. most common in what breeds?
2. radio findings?
3. what is used to confirm lesion?

Answer 15

1. chondrodystrophic breeds (daschunds…)
2. narrowed disk space, ^ opacity of spinal canal
3. myelography

Question 16

(spondylosis deformans)

1. degen change of the spine
2. radio findings?

Answer 16

2. smooth ventral bone bridge

Question 17

(spine)

(neoplasia)

1. 1° tumors usually affect 1 vertebra
2. spinal cord tumors cannot be detected without what usually?
3. read this

Answer 17

2. myelography

Question 18

(diskospondylitis)

1. infection of what?
2. radiographic findings?

Answer 18

1. the intervertebral disk space and adjacent vertebral endplates
2. osteolysis of vertebral endplates

widening or collapse of intervertebral disk space

(multiple sites may be affected)