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CSB332 > 04 | Neurotransmitters in the CNS > Flashcards

04 | Neurotransmitters in the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Components of v-SNARE

A
  • Synaptobrevin

- Synaptotagmin

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2
Q

Components of t-SNARE

A
  • Syntaxin

- SNAP-25

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3
Q

Which component is SNARE is responsible for sensing Ca?

A

Synaptotagmin

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4
Q

Munc-18 interacts with which SNARE component?

A

Syntaxin

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5
Q

What is “complexin”?

A

regulatory protein that stabilizes the interaction between SNARE proteins

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6
Q

How close does Ca have to be to vesicles in order to facilitate release?

A
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7
Q

How much slower is the RP compared to RRP?

A

10x slower

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8
Q

3 ways to remove NT from synaptic cleft

A

1) Diffusion
2) Enzymatic degradation
3) Reuptake

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9
Q

AChE is found pre- or post-synaptically?

A

post

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10
Q

AChE catalyzes ACh ->

A

acetate + choline

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11
Q

Which enzyme does Alzheimer’s affect? What does it do?

A

Decrease levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Responsible for the last step of ACh synthesis.

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12
Q

Medication for Alzheimer’s involve…

A

inhibition of AChE

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13
Q

SERTs are located pre- or post-synaptically?

A

pre

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14
Q

Which drug preferentially targets SERTs?

A

Ecstasy/MDMA

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15
Q

Which drug preferentially targets DATs?

A

Cocaine

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16
Q

Effect of Ecstasy/MDMA?

A
  • Increase 5-HT levels (specific effect depends on area of brain)
  • Stop axon growth and kill off axons.
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17
Q

Which transporters/NT does cocaine effect?

A

SERTs, DATs, catecholamines (NE)

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18
Q

What is given to treat mood/behaviour disorders?

A

SSRIs

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19
Q

What are dietary ways to get glutamate?

A

Get glutaMINE through plant and animal proteins. This gets converted into glutamate.

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20
Q

How many types of ionotropic receptors does glutamate have? What are they?

A

1) AMPA
2) NMDA
3) Kainate

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21
Q

How many subunits do ionotropic glutamate receptors have?

A

4

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22
Q

How many types of mGluRs? How are they categorized?

A

8 types, categorized into 3 groups
Group I: 1, 5
Group II: 2, 3
Group III: 4, 6, 7. 8

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23
Q

What’s unique about the AMPA-R? What is an application of this?

A

It’s mobile.

LTP/LTD.

24
Q

Subunits of AMPA-R

25
Q

co-agonists used by NMDA-R

A

glycine or D-serine

26
Q

Coincidence detection by NMDA-R uses…

A

1) Glu binds

2) Depolarization (Mg block release)

27
Q

Additional binding sites on NMDA-R

A
  • PCP
  • Ketamine

Both are non-competitive antagonists

28
Q

Subunits of NMDA-R

29
Q

Group I mGluR

A
  • postsynaptic (major)

- Gq pathway

30
Q

Group II mGluR

A
  • presynaptic

- Go pathway

31
Q

Group II mGluR

A
  • postsynaptic (minor)

- Gi pathway

32
Q

Which area in the brain is mostly made up of GABAnergic neurons?

33
Q

Types of GABA receptors

A

1) GABA(A) - ionotropic (Cl channel)

2) GABA(B) - metabotropic (open K channel & inhibit Ca channel)

34
Q

Additional binding sites for GABA(A)-R

A
  • BDZs and bartituates
  • Steroids
  • Alcohol

All are non-competitive agonists

35
Q

How many subunits does GABA(A)-R have?

A

5 (combination of 19 Greek letters)

36
Q

How many subunits does GABA(B)-R have?

A

2 (B1 and B2)
Forms dimer
B1 - bind GABA
B2- activate G-protein

37
Q

Cholinergic innervation in the brain (anatomy)

A
  • Septal nuclei
  • Nucleus basalis
  • Striatal interneurons (caudate putamen, NAc)
  • PPT/LDT (dorsalateral pons)
38
Q

How many subunits does nAChRs have?

39
Q

How many types of mAChRs are there? How are they grouped?

A

5 (M1-M5)
M1, 3, 5 link to Gq
M2, 4 link to Go/i

40
Q

What are monoamines? Which examples do we focus on?

A

= compound with 1 amine group

Catecholamines (DA, NE)
Tryptamines (5-HT)

41
Q

Where are DA neurons found?

A

VTA and substantia nigra

42
Q

3 DA pathways

A

1) mesostriatal
2) mesolimbic
3) mesocortical

43
Q

Mesostriatal tract

A 
substantia nigra (A9) -> caudate putamen (dorsolateral striatum)
- involved in voluntary movement
44
Q

Mesolimbic tract

A

VTA (A10) -> limbic system

- Reward pathway

45
Q

Mesocortical tract

A

VTA (A10) -> prefrontal cortex

- reinforcement, rewards

46
Q

How many types of receptors are there for DA? What are they?

A

5 (D1-5)

  • metabotropic
  • D1-like stimulates AC
  • D2-like inhibit AC and ATP synthesis
47
Q

Which DA-R is an autoreceptor?

48
Q

Where are NE neurons located?

A

LC and medulla

49
Q

What are NE-Rs like?

A
  • metabotropic

- inhibitory (when bound to a2)

50
Q

Where are 5-HT neurons located?

A

raphe nuclei

51
Q

What are 5-HT-Rs like?

A
  • mostly metabotropic

- 14 types

52
Q

Which 5-HT-R is not metabotropic?

53
Q

LSD hallucinations are due to __ receptors

54
Q

Where are histamine neurons located?

55
Q

What are histamine receptors like?

A

1) H1 & H2: postsynaptic, excitatory

2) H3: autoreceptor

CSB332 (10 decks)

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