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CSB332 > 03 | Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

03 | Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

NMJ always use ___ NT and it is always ___. The receptor is always ___. The post-synaptic potential is called ___.

A
  1. ACh
  2. Excitatory
  3. nAChR
  4. End plate potential
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2
Q

Define: EEP

A

Depolarization of skeletal muscle caused by NT binding at NMJ

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3
Q

Schwann cells are support cells for the ___

A

PNS

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4
Q

What is a postsynaptic feature unique to NMJ?

A

Postjunctional folds (increase SA)

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5
Q

Distance between adjacent cells (value)

A

20 nm

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6
Q

Distance of synaptic cleft

A

20-45 nm

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7
Q

Ion that is prevalent at excitatory synapses

A

Na

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8
Q

Ion that is prevalent at inhibitory synapses

A

Cl

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9
Q

___ removes Cl from solution and inside cell

A

Isethionate

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10
Q

Which way does the ion flow at its reversal potential?

A

No flow because conc. gradient is balanced with electrical gradient

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11
Q

What is 1 difference between EPP and EPSP/IPSP?

A

EPP is degenerative (decrease with increasing distance from end plate)

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12
Q

What kind of synapse does presynaptic inhibition occur at?

A

Axoaxonic

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13
Q

Presynaptic inhibition is mediated by __ (NT) and __ (ion)

A

GABA, Cl

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14
Q

What kind of synapse does postsynaptic inhibition occur at?

A

axosomatic or axodendritic

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15
Q

Timing of EPSP and IPSP

A

If IPSP arrives before EPSP, excitation can’t happen. However, if IPSP arrives after EPSP, it will not stop the excitatory response.

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16
Q

Direct synapses use ___ receptors, while indirect synapses use ___ receptors.

A
  1. ionotropic

2. metabotropic

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17
Q

Define: autoinhibition

A

NT binds to metabotropic receptors on presynaptic membrane in order to feedback and stop NT release

18
Q

List 3 examples of autoreceptors

A
  1. GABA(B)
  2. D2
  3. α2-adrenergic
19
Q

Gs pathway

A

↑ AC ⇒ ↑ cAMP ⇒ ↑ PKA

20
Q

Gq pathway

A

↑ PLC ⇒ IP3 ⇒ DAG ⇒ PKC + increase [Ca]i from intracellular stores (ER)

21
Q

Gi pathway

A

↓ AC ⇒ ↓ cAMP ⇒ ↑ K channel opening ⇒ hyperpolarization

22
Q

Go pathway

A

↓ Ca channel opening → ↓ NT release

23
Q

G proteins are classified according to…

A

structure and target of α subunit

24
Q

Effect of GPCR pathways depend on…

A
  1. Receptor
  2. G protein
  3. Effectors
  4. Arrangement of 1-3 (e.g. multi-protein complexes)
  5. NT
25
Q

Where is the G protein binding domain on GPCR?

A

TM III to VII

26
Q

How does GPCR work over short distances?

A

1) Ligand binds to receptor
2) GDP → GTP
3) G protein (with α, β, γ subunits) dissociates
4) β and γ subunit goes to ion channel and opens/close it (direct interaction)

27
Q

Effect of ECBs

A

overall inhibition of CNS (stop pain)

28
Q

Release of ECB

A

Produced in postsynaptic cell and released

- DOES NOT INVOLVE VESICLES

29
Q

What does 2-AG bind?

A

CB1 receptor on presynaptic membrane

30
Q

2-AG uses ___ inhibition

A

retrograde

31
Q

Define: volume transmission

A

Signalling to neighbour neurons

32
Q

What is volumen transmission called elsewhere in the body?

A

paracrine signalling

33
Q

What molecules are used for volume transmission?

A

NO, CO

34
Q

2 ways to increase [Ca]

A
  1. Ionotropic-Rs act as Ca ion channels

2. mRs act open intracellular Ca stores

35
Q

How many Ca does CaM bind?

A

4

36
Q

Effects of Ca-CaM complex

A
  1. Open Ca-CaM channel
  2. Activate CaM kinase
  3. Activate NO synthase
37
Q

1 neuron can be connected with up to ___ neurons via electrical synapse

A

10

38
Q

electrical synapses are joined together by ___

A

connexins

39
Q

What is connexin-36?

A

6 TM connexons that form a pathway for current

40
Q

Is chemical or electrical synapses more reliable? Why?

A

electrical, because it can’t be blocked by neurotoxins

CSB332 (10 decks)

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