04 - Giardia Flashcards

1
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3
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4
Q

(Giardia)

(Location in Hosts)

  1. Where do they live?
  2. How do they stay there?
A
  1. small intestine
  2. adhere to intestinal mucosa
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5
Q

(Host Range)

A
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6
Q

(Description of Trophozoites)

  1. How many flagella? how arranged?
  2. 12-15 X 8-10 microns
  3. pyriform (tear drop shaped) - bilaterally symmetrical
  4. ventral adhesive disc
  5. dorsal surface is convex
  6. 2 slender rods… called what?
A
  1. 8; arranged in pairs and 2 median bodies
  2. ventrocaudal flagellar grooves (axostyle)
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7
Q

(Description of Cyst)

  1. 12X6 microns
  2. How many nuclei? median bodies? axonemes?
A
  1. 2 to 4, 2 to 4, 1 to 2
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8
Q

Giardia

A

troph on right

cyst on left

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9
Q

(Giardia Feeding Habits)

  1. How does it attach to host’s gut epithelium?
  2. Feeds primarily how?
  3. Obtains nutrients how?
A
  1. ventral sucker disc
  2. pinocytosis (absorbs through surface)
  3. contact digestion
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10
Q

(Life Cycle)

  1. Trophozoites Live where?
  2. Dehydration in colon causes trophozoites to do what?
  3. then what happens?
  4. then what happens?
A
  1. upper small intestine
  2. encyst
  3. syts pass out in feces and are consumed by another host
  4. escyst and begin life cycle anew
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11
Q

(Epidemiology)

  1. surface water
  2. What is the source?
  3. Is there an increase in infection with animal contact?
  4. Higher incidence associated with day cares
  5. human outbreaks associated with failure of water tx/sanitation
A
  1. any critter shedding cysts
  2. no (unlike Cryptosporidium)
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12
Q

(Pathogenesis)

  1. main clinical sign?
  2. humans also get what?
A
  1. diarrhea
  2. flatulence and abdominal pain
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13
Q

(Clinical Singns)

  1. Acute Signs?
  2. Chronic?
A
  1. foul-smelling diarrhea, mucus/greasy, flatulence, hematochezia (bloody stool) is rare
  2. intermittent diarrhea, weight loss, poor growth, poor appetite
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14
Q

(Why is Diagnosis Difficult)

  1. how big?
  2. cysts do not float well in regular salt or sugar solutions… so use what?
  3. only shed intermittently… should collect how many succesive defecation?
A
  1. small size
  2. ZnSO4 (this will be on exam)
  3. 3
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15
Q

(Diagnosis)

  1. obtain and test fecal samples on how many consectutive defecations/days?
  2. Find cyst or trophozoite in feces…

severe diarrhea is mostly what?

direct smear… see what?

  1. Cysts best detected how?
  2. stain with what to better visualize?
A
  1. 3
  2. trophozoite

“falling leaf” motion

  1. ZnSO4 centrigual flotation
  2. Lugol’s iodine

(other ways to do this are pictured)

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16
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17
Q

he says that we will be expected to identify Giardia if shown a picture of it…

maybe should run through this guide thing

A
18
Q

(Prevention and Control)

  1. What chemical can kill?
  2. UV light inactivates cysts how?
A
19
Q

(Treatment)

(There are no approved drugs for the treatment of giardiasis)

1-3. What are the three?

A
  1. metronidizole (50% efficiencty)
  2. albendazole (safety?)
  3. Fenbendazole (what he thinks is best)
20
Q

(Treatment)

(In case of treatment failure)

  1. Can extending treatment work?
  2. What combination can work?
A
  1. yes
  2. fenbendazole + metronidazole

(also third thing)

21
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22
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A

23
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E

24
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E

25
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