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004 - Parasitology > 03 - Amoebae, Trichomonads, Histomonads > Flashcards

03 - Amoebae, Trichomonads, Histomonads Flashcards

1
Q

(Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae)

  1. name two species
  2. normally inhabit what?
  3. anaerobic, aerobic, or facultative?
A
  1. naegleria spp. & acanthamoeba spp.
  2. soil, stagnant water, sewage
  3. facultative (parasites of humans and animals)
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2
Q

(Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae)

(Acanthamoeba spp.)

  1. most common amoeba of freshwater and soil
  2. can enter what if immunocompromised?
  3. most commonly enters via what?
A
  1. CNS
  2. broken skin

(contact lenses and corneal abrasians –> keratitis)

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3
Q

(Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae)

(Naegleria fowleri)

  1. where do they live?
  2. when does it proliferate?
  3. found in what?
A
  1. stagnant bodies of water, thermal pools (resistant to heat), unhygenic swimming pools
  2. hot, dry, conditions
  3. humans, dogs, sheep
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4
Q
  1. What causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis?
A
  1. naegleria fowleri

(then read)

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5
Q

(The flagellates)

  1. Sub-kingdom?
  2. phylum?
  3. sub-phylum?
A
  1. protozoa
  2. sarcomastigophora
  3. mastigophora
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6
Q

(The flagellates)

1-2 What are the two major divisions?

A
  1. mucosoflagellates (trichomonads, histomonads, giardia)
  2. hemoflagellates (trypanosomes, leishmanias)
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7
Q

(Clicker)

  1. amoebae are important parasites in humans as well as dogs - true or false?
A
  1. true
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8
Q

(Clicker)

  1. Naegleria typically infect humans via what?
A
  1. the nose
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9
Q
A

D

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10
Q

(The flagellates)

(Trichomonoads)

(say which animal affected)

  1. tritrichomonas foetus -
  2. trichomonas gallinae -
  3. trichomonas vaginalis -
  4. tetratrichomonas gallinarum -
A
  1. cattle, cats
  2. pigeons
  3. humans
  4. galliform bird
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11
Q

(flagellates)

(tritrichomonas foetus)

  1. host?
  2. where in female?
  3. in male?
A
  1. cattle
  2. uterus
  3. preputial cavity (sheath)
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12
Q

(flagellates)

(tritrichomonas foetus)

A
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13
Q

(flagellates)

(tritrichomonas foetus)

  1. How many anterior flagella?
A
  1. 3

(then just read)

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14
Q

(flagellates)

(tritrichomonas foetus)

(life cycle)

  1. multiply how?
  2. have cysts?
  3. how transmitted?
  4. temporary in bulls?
  5. Cows infected via vagina and maintain infection in uterus.. what are three possible results?
A
  1. binary fission
  2. no
  3. coitus, AI
  4. bulls stay persistently infected
  5. some self cure in 3 months, some develop sterile immunity, some become permanent carriers
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15
Q

(flagellates)

(tritrichomonas foetus)

(pathogenesis)

(bulls)

  1. infection maintained where?
  2. symptoms?
  3. does it affect fertility or breeding efficiency?

(cows)

  1. usually produces what?
  2. can it cause abortion?
  3. infection may lead to retained placenta
  4. if severe endometritis can cause what?
A
  1. preputial cavity
  2. usually symptomatic
  3. no
  4. low grade endometritis
  5. yes (early term)
  6. sterility
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16
Q

(flagellates)

(tritrichomonas foetus)

(Diagnosis)

A
17
Q

(flagellates)

(tritrichomonas foetus)

(cats)

A
18
Q

(flagellates)

(Trichomonas Gallinae)

  1. parasite of what in birds?
  2. hosts?
  3. produce ulceration and inflammation with extensive yellowish or greenish lesions
  4. lesions may extend to liver and lungs causing heavy mortality
A
  1. mouth, esophagus, and crop
  2. pigeons, morning doves, raptors that feed on pigeons, seen in chicken and turkeys
19
Q
A
20
Q
A

E

21
Q
A

D

22
Q
A

D

23
Q
A

C

24
Q

(clicker)

  1. Histomonas meleagridis liver lesions may be pathogonimc - true or false
A
  1. true
25
Q

(Tetratrichomonas Gallinarum)

  1. affect what?
  2. where in body?
  3. transmission?
  4. Characteristic lesion?
A
  1. galliform birds (chicken and turkeys)
  2. lower intestine
  3. fecal/oral
  4. granulomatous, liver lesions
26
Q

(Flagellates)

(Trichomonas Vaginalis)

  1. affect what?
  2. how transmitted?
  3. where in body?
  4. symptoms in male? in female?
A
  1. humans
  2. sexually transmitted
  3. vagina, urethra, prostate
  4. asymptomatic; vaginitis (w/discharge)
27
Q

(?)

A
28
Q

(the flagellates)

(Histomonas Meleagridis)

  1. Causative agent of what?
  2. Important disease of what two animals?
A
  1. blackhead
  2. chicken and turkey (esp. turkey!)
29
Q

(the flagellates)

(Histomonas Meleagridis)

(Hosts)

  1. What are the definitive hosts?
  2. Which is severley affected?
  3. Which is often asymptomatic?
  4. intermediate host?
  5. transport host?
A
  1. gallinaceous birds
  2. Turkeys (also chukkar partride and ruff grouse… but just remember turkeys)
  3. Chickens (also peafowl, guinea hens, pheasants and bobwhite quail… just remember chickens)
  4. cecal worm (heterakis gallinarum)
  5. earthworm (can carry long time), flies, grasshoppers, sowbugs, crickets
30
Q

(the flagellates)

(Histomonas Meleagridis)

  1. What is the distribution?

(structure)

  1. one form… or pleomorphic?
  2. where is flagellated form found?
A
  1. worldwide (cosmopolitan)
  2. pleomorphic (3 forms)
  3. lumen of the ceca
31
Q

(the flagellates)

(Histomonas Meleagridis)

(Life Cycle)

  1. Reproduce How?
  2. principal transmission?
A
  1. binary fission
  2. ingesting eggs of heterakis gallinarum
32
Q

(the flagellates)

(Histomonas Meleagridis)

(cecal worm - heterakis gallinarum)

  1. nematode of galliformes
  2. consumes flagellate form where?
  3. then what happens?
  4. flagellates then do what in cecal worms?
A
  1. in cecum
  2. flagellates multiply (therefore heterakis gallinarum are intermediate hosts…)
  3. penetrate oocytes –> infect eggs

(check out thing)

33
Q

(Histomonas Meleagradis)

(Epidemiology)

  1. histomonads and cecal worms very common in what?
  2. What disease does this cause in turkeys?

what ages affected?

worst?

A
  1. chickens (wild birds can be asymptomatic carriers)
  2. black head disease

all

3-12 weeks (also affect young chickens)

34
Q

(Histomonas Meleagridis)

(Pathogenesis)

  1. Invade wall of what? then do what?
  2. cause what in liver? when?
A
  1. cecum, produce lesions (8th day), travel to liver via blood
  2. lesions (pathognomonic)/liver enlarges; by 10th day
35
Q

(Histomonas Meleagradis)

(clinical signs)

  1. what colored droppings?
  2. four more signs
  3. can it cause death?
A
  1. sulfur
  2. drowsiness, anorexia, cyanotic head, fever
  3. yes
36
Q

(the flagellates)

(Histomonas Meleagridis)

(diagnosis)

  1. how do you diagnose?
A
  1. history, lesions, signs, microscopic identification
37
Q

(the flagellates)

(Histomonas Meleagridis)

(Prevention/Control)

  1. restrict access to what?
  2. preventative chemotherapy using what?
A
  1. chickens/earthworms/heterakis eggs
  2. nitarsone in feed
38
Q

Don’t worry about this pp83-97 - guess we will be coming back to this

A
39
Q

(Balamuthia Mandrillaris)

  1. Free living amoeba
  2. causes what in humans?
  3. can cause what deadly neurological condition?
A
  1. amoebiasis
  2. granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE)

004 - Parasitology (13 decks)

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