04 - Enterobacteriaceae

Question 1

(Enterobacteriaceae)

1. Contains how many species?
2. what shape?
3. Are facultative anaerobes (what is this?)… ferment sugars to produce acid and various other end products

Answer 1

1. more than 100
2. rod (1-5 um in length)

3 organism that make ATP by aerobic but can switch to fermentation (obligate anaerobes die in presence of oxygen)

Question 2

(Enterobacteriaceae)

1. Do these from spores?
2. motile?
3. capsules?
4. Some pathogenic strains produce exotoxins… called what and why?

Answer 2

1. no
2. some are
3. some do
4. enterotoxins - they affect intestinal tract - cause diarrhea and body fluid loss

Question 3

Question 4

(E. Coli)

1. genus?
2. species?

Answer 4

1. escherichia
2. escherichia coli

Question 5

(History, Geographic Distribution)

1. distribution?
2. found in what of all warm blood animals?
3. Usually absent from what animas?

Answer 5

1. ubiquitous
2. intestinal tract
3. fish and cold blooded

Question 6

(Morphology and Cultural Characterisitcs)

1. morph?
2. flagella?
3. have a capsule?
4. grows well on media?
5. characteristic growth on EMB (eosin mehtylene blue)
6. hemolytic?
7. have spores?
8. ferments lactose?

Answer 6

1. G- short rods
2. most are peritrichous (evenly distributed flagella)
3. often (mucoid)
4. yes.. a variety at 37
5. some (alpha and beta hemolysis)
6. no
7. yes

Question 7

(E. Coli is ubiquitous)

1. some pathogenic and non

among pathogenic there are gradations of virulence and ability to produce disease

Question 8

(E Coli)

(The Mechanism of Pathogenesis)

1-2. Based on what two factors?

let’s say it progresses to…

(Disease caused by E. Coli)

1-4. What are the four types?

Answer 8

1. tissue localization of E. Coli
2. biological activity of E. Coli toxin
3. enterotoxic
4. enterotoxema
5. local invasive
6. septicemic form

Question 9

(E Coli)

(The Mechanism of Pathogenesis)

(Enterotoxic - Enteric Colibacillosis)

(Characteristic Features)

1. Proliferation of E. Coli where?
2. produce what?
3. cause what?
4. which causes what?
5. Is enterotoxin absorption necessary?

Answer 9

1. lumen of SI
2. enterotoxin
3. secretion of fluid
4. diarrhea (in young)
5. no (and presumably doesn’t occur)

Question 10

E Coli)

(The Mechanism of Pathogenesis)

(Enterotoxemia - Enterotoxemic Colibacillosis)

(Characteristic Features)

1. E. Coli localizes where?
2. Produces what?
3. what happens to toxin?
4. then what?

Answer 10

1. in SI
2. toxin
3. absorption of toxin
4. action of toxin elsewhere

Question 11

E Coli)

(The Mechanism of Pathogenesis)

(Local Invasive Colibacillosis)

(Characteristics)

1. Local invasion and destruction of what by E. Coli?
2. then what?
3. become baceremic?
4. mechanism of invasion known?

Answer 11

1. intestinal epithelium (invade beyond epithelium to lamina propria)
2. proliferate
3. no
4. no

Question 12

E Coli)

(The Mechanism of Pathogenesis)

(Septicemic Colibacillosis)

(Characteristics)

1. bacteremia… or what?
2. Will you have diarrhea or alimentary tract lesions?

(how it works)

1. entry through what?
2. fibrinopurulent lesions where?
3. What are greatly predisposed?

Answer 12

1. extraintestinal localization of E. Coli with endotoxin medaiated damage to the host
2. possibly
3. the respiratory tract or intestine, survive and multiply in blood and tissue
4. air sacs, pericardium, liver
5. immunosuppressed birds

Question 13

(Endotoxins are present in E. Coli similar to many other Gram negative bacteria)

1. they are part of what?
2. What kind of molecule is it?
3. endotoxins are relased in soluble form when? liberated when?
4. More or less toxic than exotoxins?
5. pyrogenic
6. causes leukopenia (decrease in number of white blood cells), hypotension
7. complement activation
8. intravascular coagulation
9. DEATH

Answer 13

1. outer layer of cell wall, embedded in outer membrane of cell
2. complex phospholid-polysaccharide-protein macromolecule
3. during bacterial growth, when bacteria lyse
4. less

Question 14

(Certain strains of E. coli also produce Exotoxins)

1. These exotoxins are produced where? therefore called what?
2. These toxins activate what which results in increased what?
3. Increased cAMP causes what? resulting in what?

Answer 14

1. in the intestine; ENTEROTOXINS
2. adenylate cyclase which results in increased cAMP
3. hypersecretion of water and chlorides in to the gut lumen resulting in fluid loss

Question 15

(E. Coli Infections)

1-5. see in what five animals…

Answer 15

1. cattle
2. pigs
3. poultry (birds, chicken, turkeys)
4. dogs
5. humans (foodborne illness)

Question 16

(E. Coli infection in cattle)

1-2. What are the two forms of disease symptoms?

Answer 16

1. septicemic
2. enteric

Question 17

(E. Coli infections in Cattle)

(Septicemic colibacillosis or coli septicemia)

1. typically occurs in what age cattle?
2. Is there scouring (removal of surface) in acute coli septicemia?
3. Will there be a temperature?

Answer 17

1. calves 4 to 5 days old
2. no
3. maybe not (as septicemia is overwhelming…?)

Question 18

(E. Coli Infections in Cattle)

(Enteric Colibacillosis)

1. occurs at what age?
2. excess fluid where?
3. diarrhea for several days (with mucus)

Answer 18

1. in calves under 2 weeks (has been seen up to a month old)
2. in the intestine

Question 19

read this

Question 20

(Mastitis)

1. E. Coli assocaiated with acute mastitis
2. usually associated with what?
3. one or more quarters of the udder become swollen and painful
4. High temp (103-108) - what happens to milk production?

Answer 20

2. poor sanitation
3. falls rapidly and may cease

Question 21

E. Coli is a commonly isolated pathogen in urinary tract infections of dogs and cats

1. what percentage of E. Coli in pyometra in bitches?
2. What percent abortion in mares?

Answer 21

1. 70%
2. 1%

Question 22

(E. Coli Infection in Pigs)

1. When are pigs susceptible to diseases associated with E. Coli?

(Neonatal colibacillosis/Piglet Scours)

2. occur when?
3. symtpoms?
4. Are there any specifc lesions?
5. Diagnosis?
6. Differentials?

Answer 22

1. ~14 weeks
2. 1 to 12 days of age
3. diarrhea, dehydration, with high mortality (70%)
4. may not be
5. cultures take from intestines will gie pure and heavy E. coli
6. TGE, Starvation, Clostridium Perfringens

Question 23

(E. Coli Infection Causing Edema Disease in Pigs)

(Edema Disease (Post-weaning colibacillosis)/ E. coli enterotoxemia)

1. occurs when?
2. acute, highly fatal neurological disorder
3. usually associated with what?
4. Disease is dependent on colonization of what by E. Coli?
5. Signs/symptoms?
6. All edema producing E. Coli produce hemolysin and have what antigens?

What does toxin cause?

Answer 23

1. about 1 week after weaning
2. dietary changes
3. small intestine (by E. Coli that produces toxin - the Edema disease principle)
4. staggering gait, muscle spams, eyelid edema, subcutaneous sebserosal edema
5. K88 pili antigens

arterial degeneration and increased vascular permeability

Question 24

Control