038-043 Flashcards
What system moves blood throughout the body?
Circulatory.
What does blood transport?
Food and oxygen to the cells; carries away carbon dioxide and other wastes.
Of what does the circulatory system consist?
Heart, blood vessels, blood, and the lymphatic system.
How does the heart pump blood through the circulatory system?
Contracting and relaxing rhythmically.
How many pumps does the heart have?
Two, one to carry that receives blood from the lungs to the cells and another that picks up carbon dioxide and other wastes from the cells.
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, and capillaries.
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta.
What are the body’s two largest veins?
Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.
The blood consists of plasma and what three kinds of formed elements?
Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets.
How are red blood cells (erythrocytes) able to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues?
They contain hemoglobin, which picks up oxygen molecules from the lungs.
How do white blood cells (leukocytes) help protect the body from disease?
By attacking bacteria, viruses, poisons, and other harmful substances.
How do platelets help prevent bleeding from damaged blood vessels?
They collect where an injured blood vessel leaks and along with various proteins in the plasma, seal broken blood vessels by forming a clot.
Where does lymph come from?
Blood.
What is the purpose of lymph nodes?
Produce many white blood cells, which filter harmful substances out of the lymph.
What are the main organs of the urinary system?
Kidneys.
What are the microscopic filtering units in the kidneys called?
Nephrons.
What is formed when water, urea, sodium chloride, and certain other wastes are filtered through a nephron?
Urine.
What carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?
Ureters
Where does urine leave the body?
Urethra.
What is the process in which a sperm unites with an egg?
Fertilization.
In the male, what glands produce sperm?
Testicles.
How often do the ovaries of a female release an egg?
About once a month during childbearing years.
How does the developing baby obtain food and oxygen?
The placenta enables the baby to obtain food and oxygen from the mother’s bloodstream.
How do the endocrine glands control body function?
By producing hormones.
What are some of the main endocrine glands?
Adrenal, pituitary, parathyroid, sex, and the thyroid glands.
How is the pituitary gland controlled?
By hormones released by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus.
Define exocrine glands.
They make chemicals that perform specific functions in the area where they are released.
What are some of the major exocrine products?
Digestive juices, mucus, sweat, and tears.
What does the nervous system regulate and coordinate?
The activities of all other systems of the body.
Of what is the nervous system made?
Neurons.
What are the three main divisions of the nervous system?
Central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems.
What two types of neurons are included in the nerves that connect the central nervous system with every part of the body?
Sensory and motor neurons.
What division of the nervous system functions as the control center?
Central nervous system.
What are receptors? What role do receptors play in the nervous system?
Special sensory neurons. They translate information about the internal or external environment into nerve impulses.
What main division of the nervous system regulates automatic functions of the body, such as the beating of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive system?
Autonomic.
