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Vol 1 Self Test Questions > 038-043 > Flashcards

038-043 Flashcards

1
Q

What system moves blood throughout the body?

A

Circulatory.

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2
Q

What does blood transport?

A

Food and oxygen to the cells; carries away carbon dioxide and other wastes.

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3
Q

Of what does the circulatory system consist?

A

Heart, blood vessels, blood, and the lymphatic system.

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4
Q

How does the heart pump blood through the circulatory system?

A

Contracting and relaxing rhythmically.

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5
Q

How many pumps does the heart have?

A

Two, one to carry that receives blood from the lungs to the cells and another that picks up carbon dioxide and other wastes from the cells.

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6
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, veins, and capillaries.

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7
Q

What is the largest artery in the body?

A

Aorta.

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8
Q

What are the body’s two largest veins?

A

Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.

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9
Q

The blood consists of plasma and what three kinds of formed elements?

A

Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets.

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10
Q

How are red blood cells (erythrocytes) able to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues?

A

They contain hemoglobin, which picks up oxygen molecules from the lungs.

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11
Q

How do white blood cells (leukocytes) help protect the body from disease?

A

By attacking bacteria, viruses, poisons, and other harmful substances.

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12
Q

How do platelets help prevent bleeding from damaged blood vessels?

A

They collect where an injured blood vessel leaks and along with various proteins in the plasma, seal broken blood vessels by forming a clot.

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13
Q

Where does lymph come from?

A

Blood.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of lymph nodes?

A

Produce many white blood cells, which filter harmful substances out of the lymph.

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15
Q

What are the main organs of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys.

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16
Q

What are the microscopic filtering units in the kidneys called?

A

Nephrons.

17
Q

What is formed when water, urea, sodium chloride, and certain other wastes are filtered through a nephron?

A

Urine.

18
Q

What carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

A

Ureters

19
Q

Where does urine leave the body?

A

Urethra.

20
Q

What is the process in which a sperm unites with an egg?

A

Fertilization.

21
Q

In the male, what glands produce sperm?

A

Testicles.

22
Q

How often do the ovaries of a female release an egg?

A

About once a month during childbearing years.

23
Q

How does the developing baby obtain food and oxygen?

A

The placenta enables the baby to obtain food and oxygen from the mother’s bloodstream.

24
Q

How do the endocrine glands control body function?

A

By producing hormones.

25
Q
A
26
Q

What are some of the main endocrine glands?

A

Adrenal, pituitary, parathyroid, sex, and the thyroid glands.

27
Q

How is the pituitary gland controlled?

A

By hormones released by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus.

28
Q

Define exocrine glands.

A

They make chemicals that perform specific functions in the area where they are released.

29
Q

What are some of the major exocrine products?

A

Digestive juices, mucus, sweat, and tears.

29
Q

What does the nervous system regulate and coordinate?

A

The activities of all other systems of the body.

30
Q

Of what is the nervous system made?

A

Neurons.

31
Q

What are the three main divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems.

32
Q

What two types of neurons are included in the nerves that connect the central nervous system with every part of the body?

A

Sensory and motor neurons.

33
Q

What division of the nervous system functions as the control center?

A

Central nervous system.

34
Q

What are receptors? What role do receptors play in the nervous system?

A

Special sensory neurons. They translate information about the internal or external environment into nerve impulses.

35
Q

What main division of the nervous system regulates automatic functions of the body, such as the beating of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive system?

A

Autonomic.

Vol 1 Self Test Questions (10 decks)

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