034-37

Question 1

Give some examples of how the skeletal system protects internal organs.

Answer 1

The brain is shielded by the skull, the spinal cord by the spinal column, and the heart and lungs by the ribs.

Question 2

Define a “joint.”

Answer 2

The place where bones meet.

Question 3

What are the two basic kinds of joints?

Answer 3

Movable and fixed joints.

Question 4

What holds movable joints together?

Answer 4

Ligaments.

Question 5

How does bone tissue play a role in keeping the blood healthy?

Answer 5

Bone marrow produces new blood cells and releases them into the bloodstream.

Question 6

What are the main tasks of the muscles?

Answer 6

Move limbs, push food through the gut, make the heart beat, and control blood flow around the body.

Question 7

What are the three main types of muscles?

Answer 7

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

Question 8

Why are skeletal muscles sometimes called “voluntary muscles”?

Answer 8

Because humans cause them to move at will.

Question 9

How do muscles move the body?

Answer 9

By pulling

Question 10

How do smooth muscles differ in appearance from skeletal muscles?

Answer 10

They do not have striations like skeletal muscles.

Question 11

Why are smooth muscles sometimes called “involuntary muscles”?

Answer 11

They contract and relax automatically; they are not consciously controlled.

Question 12

Name the muscle that has characteristics of both the skeletal and smooth muscles.

Answer 12

Cardiac muscle.

Question 13

What is the main part of the digestive system?

Answer 13

Alimentary canal, or gut.

Question 14

What kind of process is digestion?

Answer 14

Starches and complex sugars break down into simple sugars, fats become fatty acids and glycerol, and proteins break down into amino acids.

Question 15

What reactions happen during digestion?

Answer 15

In the mouth.

Question 16

Where does digestion begin?

Answer 16

Moistens the food, making it easier to swallow and its digestive enzymes break food down into chemicals the body can use.

Question 17

What purpose does saliva serve?

Answer 17

As a “holding tank” in which food remains for several hours.

Question 18

What purpose does the stomach serve?

Answer 18

Made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. Breaks up large molecules of fatty foods.

Question 19

Where is bile made and stored? How does it aid digestion?

Answer 19

They are transported to the liver where they are released as the body requires.

Question 20

Some useful substances are absorbed by special cells that line the walls of the small intestine. Some are carried directly to cells throughout the body. What happens to the rest?

Answer 20

They are transported to the liver where they are released as the body requires

Question 21

Some useful substances are absorbed by special cells that line the walls of the small intestine. Some are carried directly to cells throughout the body. What happens to the rest?

Question 22

What are the two main jobs of the respiratory system?

Answer 22

Provides the body with oxygen and rids the body of carbon dioxide.

Question 23

What are the two acts of breathing?

Answer 23

Inhaling and exhaling.

Question 24

From what do inhaling and exhaling result?

Answer 24

Contractions of the diaphragm.

Question 25

What lines the nasal passages and for what purpose?

Answer 25

Tiny hair-like structures and mucus to filter dust and dirt from the air; warm and moisten cold air as it moves through the nasal passages.

Question 26

What carries air toward the lungs?

Answer 26

The trachea.

Question 27

What are the two tubes called that enter each lung?

Answer 27

Primary bronchi.

Question 28

Where does the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occur?

Answer 28

In the alveoli.