034-37 Flashcards
Give some examples of how the skeletal system protects internal organs.
The brain is shielded by the skull, the spinal cord by the spinal column, and the heart and lungs by the ribs.
Define a “joint.”
The place where bones meet.
What are the two basic kinds of joints?
Movable and fixed joints.
What holds movable joints together?
Ligaments.
How does bone tissue play a role in keeping the blood healthy?
Bone marrow produces new blood cells and releases them into the bloodstream.
What are the main tasks of the muscles?
Move limbs, push food through the gut, make the heart beat, and control blood flow around the body.
What are the three main types of muscles?
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
Why are skeletal muscles sometimes called “voluntary muscles”?
Because humans cause them to move at will.
How do muscles move the body?
By pulling
How do smooth muscles differ in appearance from skeletal muscles?
They do not have striations like skeletal muscles.
Why are smooth muscles sometimes called “involuntary muscles”?
They contract and relax automatically; they are not consciously controlled.
Name the muscle that has characteristics of both the skeletal and smooth muscles.
Cardiac muscle.
What is the main part of the digestive system?
Alimentary canal, or gut.
What kind of process is digestion?
Starches and complex sugars break down into simple sugars, fats become fatty acids and glycerol, and proteins break down into amino acids.
What reactions happen during digestion?
In the mouth.
Where does digestion begin?
Moistens the food, making it easier to swallow and its digestive enzymes break food down into chemicals the body can use.
What purpose does saliva serve?
As a “holding tank” in which food remains for several hours.
What purpose does the stomach serve?
Made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. Breaks up large molecules of fatty foods.
Where is bile made and stored? How does it aid digestion?
They are transported to the liver where they are released as the body requires.
Some useful substances are absorbed by special cells that line the walls of the small intestine. Some are carried directly to cells throughout the body. What happens to the rest?
They are transported to the liver where they are released as the body requires
Some useful substances are absorbed by special cells that line the walls of the small intestine. Some are carried directly to cells throughout the body. What happens to the rest?
What are the two main jobs of the respiratory system?
Provides the body with oxygen and rids the body of carbon dioxide.
What are the two acts of breathing?
Inhaling and exhaling.
From what do inhaling and exhaling result?
Contractions of the diaphragm.
What lines the nasal passages and for what purpose?
Tiny hair-like structures and mucus to filter dust and dirt from the air; warm and moisten cold air as it moves through the nasal passages.
What carries air toward the lungs?
The trachea.
What are the two tubes called that enter each lung?
Primary bronchi.
Where does the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occur?
In the alveoli.
