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Human Anatomy > 03 The Skull > Flashcards

03 The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

List the eight bones that make up the cranium

A

occipital, parietal (2), frontal, temporal (2), ethmoid, sphenoid

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2
Q

List the fourteen bones that make up the facial bones

A

zygomatic (2), lacrimal (2), palatine (2), maxilla (2), vomer, nasal (2), inferior nasal concha (2), mandible

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3
Q

List the six bones that make up the auditory ossicles

A

malleus (2), incus (2), stapes (2)

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4
Q

What is the function of the skull sutures?

A

To connect the major cranial bones

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5
Q

What connects the frontal and parietal bones?

A

The coronal suture

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6
Q

What connects the left and right parietal bones?

A

The sagittal suture

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7
Q

What connects the parietal and temporal?

A

Squamous suture

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8
Q

What connects the occipital and parietal?

A

Lambdoid suture

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9
Q

What is the bone that forms first during birth?

A

Occipital (L occipio - to begin)

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10
Q

What does the occipital bone form of the skull?

A

Most of the posterior and base of the skull

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11
Q

What does the occipital bone of the skull articulate with and via which sutures?

A

The parietal and temporal bones via lamboid and occipitomastoid sutures

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12
Q

What is the foramen magnum and what is it for?

A

Present in the base of the occipital bone in the cranium and allows the brain to connect with the spinal cord

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13
Q

What part of the occipital bone of the cranium articulate with the atlas?

A

Occipital condyles

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14
Q

In neonates, the occipital is formed of four parts joined by cartilage. What are these four parts?

A
  1. Squamous part 2. Condylar parts (2) 3. Basilar part
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15
Q

At about which age are the four sections making up the occipital bone of the cranium fused?

A

Six years old

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16
Q

The squamous part of the occipital bone is incompletely divided by…

A

The left and right mendosal sutures

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17
Q

If the squamous parts do not fuse it leads to the formation of which bone?

A

The Wormian bone

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18
Q

Where does the Wormian bone present?

A

Between lamboidal and saggital sutures

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19
Q

What is the Wormian bone present between the lamboidal and saggital sutures called?

A

The Inca bone or the os incae

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20
Q

Which population is the Inca bone quite prevalent in?

A

Peruvian populations

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21
Q

Describe the parietal bone.

A

Paired, forming the superior and lateral aspects of the skull

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22
Q

What bones do the parietal bones articulate with?

A

The frontal, temporal, occipital and opposite parietal bone

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23
Q

What is special about the superior and inferior temporal lines present on the parietal bones of the cranium?

A

They mark the origin of the temporalis muscle

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24
Q

What does the frontal bone exist as until birth?

A

Exists as paired bones

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25
Q

What suture divides the frontal bone until birth?

A

The metopic suture (metopon - forehead)

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26
Q

What does the frontal bone articualte with?

A

The paired parietal bones

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27
Q

What suture does the frontal bone articulate with the paired parietal bones via?

A

The coronal suture

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28
Q

What does the frontal bone form the roof of?

A

The orbit

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29
Q

What bone forms the deepest part of the skull?

A

The ethmoid

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30
Q

The ethmoid has a complex shape. It has paired _____ plates lateral to the ______ plate

A

Cribriform plates lateral to the perpendicular plate

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31
Q

What does the perpendicular plate form related to the nasal septum?

A

The superior portion of the nasal septum

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32
Q

The lower/anterior part of the nasal septum is described to be

A

cartilaginous

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33
Q

What are the implications of the lower part of the nasal septum being cartilaginous?

A

Cocaine being a vasoconstrictor can cause the blood vessels to close - depriving tissue of blood and leading to septal perforation

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34
Q

Why is the temporal bone called what is it - latin for ‘time’?

A

Because grey hairs typically appear near the temporal bones first

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35
Q

What does the zygomatic process of the temporal bone join with to form what?

A

The zygomatic process of the temporal bone joins with the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch or the CHEEKBONE (fleeky!)

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36
Q

What does the tympanic region of the temporal bone surround?

A

The external auditory meatus

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37
Q

What part of the temporal region of the cranium can be used to estimate the sex of the skull?

A

The mastoid process

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38
Q

What does the styloid process of the temporal region of the skull do?

A

Acts as attachment for muscles and a ligament supporting the hyoid bone

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39
Q

How would you describe the shape of the sphenoid?

A

Butterfly shapes

40
Q

Why is the sphenoid described as being the keystone of the cranium?

A

Because it articulates with all other cranial bones

41
Q

How would you describe the structure of the sphenoid?

A

A central body with three paired processes

42
Q

What are the three paired processes which make up the sphenoid?

A

Greater wings, lesser wings and pterygoid processes

43
Q

What does the superior surface of the sphenoid bear and what is this for?

A

Sella turcica in which sits the pituitary (hypophysis)

44
Q

What is the zygomatic bone?

A

The front part of the cheekbones

45
Q

How does the zygomatic bone articulate with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone?

A

Through the zygomatic arch which is the cheekbone

46
Q

What does the lacrimal bone form?

A

Part of the medial wall of the orbit

47
Q

What does the lacrimal bone contain?

A

The lacrimal fossa

48
Q

What is the lacrimal fossa for?

A

Allowing the passage of the lacrimal sac

49
Q

What is the lacrimal sac?

A

Part of the passageway allowing tear to drain away from the eye surface to the nasal cavity

50
Q

Why is the lacrimal bone called what it is?

A

Lachrymose or tearful from Latin ‘lacrimosus’ - tear-like

51
Q

The horizontal process of the palatine forms what?

A

The posterior part of the hard palate

52
Q

The vertical plate of the palatine lies between which bones?

A

The sphenoid and the posterior part of the maxilla

53
Q

Is the palatine invisible in an articulated skull?

A

YAS

54
Q

How does the maxilla fuse and to form what?

A

Medially to form the upper jaw

55
Q

What bones does the maxilla fuse with?

A

All facial bones except the mandible

56
Q

What part of the hard palate does the maxilla form?

A

The anterior

57
Q

What does the maxilla carry and what does it form the floor of?

A

Carries the upper teeth and forms most of the floor of the orbit

58
Q

Where does the vomer lie and what does it form?

A

Lies in the nasal cavity and forms posterior and inferior part of nasal septum

59
Q

Why is it called the vomer?

A

Vomere = latin for vomit. Vomer is shaped like a plough, which throws up soil

60
Q

What does the inferior nasal conchae form?

A

Forms part of the lateral walls of nasal cavity

61
Q

What is the mandible formed of?

A

Body and ramus - meeting at mandibular angle

62
Q

What does the mandiblular condyle articulate with?

A

The temporal bone

63
Q

What does the coronoid process of the mandible act as?

A

The coronoid process is an insertion point for the temporalis muscle - elevates the jaw during chewing

64
Q

What does the mandibular foramen on the medial surface of the ramus allow?

A

Allows the passage of the mandibular nerve

65
Q

What is the mandibular nerve?

A

A branch of trigeminal nerve and is associated with tooth sensation

66
Q

Where do dentists inject novocaine to deaden pain?

A

In the mandibular nerve area

67
Q

What are ossicles?

A

The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles) are three bones in either middle ear that are among the smallest bones in the human body.

68
Q

What bones make up the ossicles?

A

Malleus, incus and stapes

69
Q

What is the malleus shaped like and what did it evolve from?

A

Hammer and evolved from articular

70
Q

How did the malleus form in mammals?

A

Formed jaw articulation with quadrate in lineage leading to mammals

71
Q

What is the incus shaped like and what did it evolve from?

A

Anvil and evolved from quadrate

72
Q

What did the incus form articulation with in lineage leading to mammals?

A

Articular

73
Q

What is the stapes and why is it known as the stirrup?

A

One of the bones of the ear ossicles and it resembles the stirrup

74
Q

What is the stapes known as in non-mammalian vertebrates?

A

Columella

75
Q

Why is the hyoid difficult to assign to the skull or to the rest of the axial skeleton?

A

Because it is the only bone in humans that does not articulate with anything else

76
Q

Where is the hyoid bone suspended from?

A

The styloid processes of the temporal bone

77
Q

What is the hyoid bone suspended by in terms of ligaments?

A

The stylohyoid ligament

78
Q

The hyoid bone is frequently fractured during

A

strangulation lol

79
Q

Describe the primary dentition

A

four incisors, two canines and 4 molars - upper teeth. lower teeth, 4 incisors, 2 canines and 4 molars

80
Q

Describe the permanent dentition

A

upper teeth - 4I, 2C, 4PM, 6M lower teeth- 4I, 2C, 4PM, 6M

81
Q

Label the skull homie

A
82
Q

Label the following sutures

A
83
Q

Label the different parts of the occipital bone

A
84
Q

What bone is this?

A

Parietal

85
Q

What bone is this?

A

Ethmoid

86
Q

What bone is this?

A

Temporal

87
Q

What bone is this and what are the labels?

A

Sphenoid - greater wings, lesser wings and pterygoid processes

88
Q

What bone is this?

A

Zygomatic

89
Q

What bone is this?

A

Lacrimal

90
Q

What bone is this?

A

Palatine

91
Q

what bone is this?

A

maxilla

92
Q

What bone is this

A

vomer

93
Q

What bone is this and what does the mc and cp stand for?

A

mandible and • Mandibular condyle and Coronoid process

94
Q

What is mf and what is it for?

A

mandibular foramen passage of mandiublar nerve

95
Q

What is this bone?

A

hyoid

96
Q

What dentition is this and label

A
97
Q

What dentition is this and label

A

Human Anatomy (9 decks)

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