02_Interventions Based on Classical Conditioning Flashcards
Counterconditioning:
Reciprocal Inhibition
CS associated with target behavior is paired with UCS that naturally elicits incompatible behavior
Overtime maladaptive behavior is replaced by incompatible behavior
Systematic desensitization (Wolpe):
Four Stages
Relaxation training
Construction of anxiety hierarchy with SUDS
Imaginal Desensitization
In Vivo Desensitization
Systematic desensitization:
Results of Dismantling Strategy Evaluation
Extinction is the primary factor that produces effects of the systematic desensitization
(Repeated exposure to CS without the US)
Incompatible response training & gradual exposure are not essential components
Behavioral Sex Therapy
Counterconditioning used for performance anxiety
Most effective for premature ejaculation and vaginismus
Masters and Johnson’s counterconditioning sex therapy:
Sensate Focus
Pairing situations that evoke performance anxiety with pleasurable physical sensations and relaxation
Partners refrain from genital sex
Partners are given a series of homework assignments that involve taking turns and at giving and receiving pleasure through touch
Aversive Counterconditioning:
Overview
Maladaptive behavior (or associated CS)
+
UCS that naturally evokes pain or other unpleasant responses
Aversive Counterconditioning:
In Vivo Aversion Therapy (Overt Sensitization)
Target behavior is paired with aversive stimulus
e.g. electric shock, noxious odor, nausea-inducing drug
Overt Sensitization:
Uses
Substance use disorders
Paraphilias
Self-injurious behaviors
Overt sensitization:
Effectiveness
Moderate effectiveness for cigarette smoking and some other problems
High relapse rates
Limited generalizability
Overt sensitization:
How to maximize effectiveness
Aversive stimulus is similar to the target behavior
e. g. Nausea-inducing drugs for alcoholism; Rapid Smoking for tobacco cessation
* Booster sessions or or conjunction with other treatments
Aversive Conditioning:
Covert Sensitization
Client imagines maladaptive behavior and reactions to aversive stimulus
E.g. imagine smoking a cigarette and visualizing becoming nauseated by the cigarette, throwing up, becoming embarrassed
- “Relief Scene” can be added
(e. g. non-smoking paired with pleasant sensations)
In Vivo Exposure with Response Prevention:
Flooding
Prolonged Exposure to the most anxiety-arousing stimuli
vs graduated exposure which starts low
In Vivo Exposure with Response Prevention:
Massed vs Several Brief Exposures
Prolonged continuous (massed) exposure is more effective than several brief exposures
Short Duration exposures can lead to sensitization
True or False?
Hi-anxiety provocation during exposure is necessary for successful treatment outcomes
False.
Certain types of exposure can be enhanced with the simultaneous use of an anxiolytic
True or False?
Self-directed exposure following training by therapist can be as effective as therapist-directed exposure.
True
True or false?
Group exposure is less effective than individual treatment.
False.
Group exposure and partner-assist exposure can be equally effective for agoraphobia and OCD
Implosive Therapy
Imaginal exposure
Vivid enough to produce high levels of Anxiety
Images are embellished with psychodynamic themes
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
(EMDR):
Core Assumption
Trauma exposure blocks a neurophysiological adaptive information-processing mechanism
Rapid lateral eye movements trigger the mechanism while implementing exposure and other CBT techniques
Research on EMDR
Effects are attributable to imaginal exposure
Eye movements are unnecessary
