02.09 Diagnostic Radiology of the Coronary Arteries and Congenital Heart Disroders

Question 1

Normal CR ratio in adults

Answer 1

0.5 or less

Question 2

Normal CR ratio in newborns

Answer 2

0.65 or less

Question 3

Enlargement of the right atrial shadow

Right atrial convexity is more than 50% of the cardiovascular height

Answer 3

Right atrial enlargement

Question 4

RV enlargement is better assessed in what view

Answer 4

Lateral view

Question 5

Signs of LA enlargement in PA view

Answer 5

Widened carinal angle
Double density sign
Superior displacement of the left mainstem bronchus

Question 6

Bulging in the retro-cardiac space

Upper posterior bump

Answer 6

LA enlargement in lateral view

Question 7

Most common heart chamber enlargement

Answer 7

LV enlargement

Question 8

In PA view, apex is displaced downwards while in lateral view, there is an obliteration of retro-cardiac space

Answer 8

LV enlargement

Question 9

Positive Hoffman-Rigler sign (>1.8 cm)

Answer 9

LV enlargement

Question 10

Standard diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Answer 10

Conventional coronary angiography

Question 11

Test that uses treadmill bicycle exercise with ECG and blood pressure monitoring

Answer 11

Exercise stress test

Question 12

Test that uses US imaging to show how well the heart muscle is working during stress

Answer 12

Stress echo

Question 13

A nuclear medical examination of the heart muscle wherein the accumulation of the radioactively labeled substance is monitored with the blood flow

Answer 13

Stress nuclear scintigraphy

Question 14

A test wherein gadolinium is injected into a vein while the patient is resting and again after the patient receives a medication that dilate arteries; the scanner then takes pictures of the gadolinium dye as it passes through the heart musclle

Answer 14

Stress MRI

Question 15

A procedure that uses x-rays and contrast material to see how blood flows through the arteries of the heart

Answer 15

Coronary angiography

Question 16

Most posterior of the chambers

Answer 16

LA

Question 17

Median chambers

Answer 17

RA, LV

Question 18

Most anterior of the chambers

Answer 18

RV

Question 19

Technique used to locate the coronary arteries

Answer 19

Ring and loop technique

Question 20

Separates the atria from the ventricles

Represents the AV groove

Answer 20

Ring

Question 21

Divides the left and right ventricles

Represent the interventricular groove

Answer 21

Loop

Question 22

Occupies the right AV groove and posterior IV groove

Answer 22

Right coronary artery

Question 23

Occupies the left anterior IV sulcus

Answer 23

Left anterior descending artery

Question 24

Occupies the left AV groove

Answer 24

Left circumflex artery

Question 25

Aka sinus of valsalva | Widened portion of the aorta

Answer 25

Aortic sinus

Question 26

From where the right coronary artery rsies

Answer 26

Right coronary cusp

Question 27

From where the left main coronary artery arises

Answer 27

Left coronary cusp

Question 28

Does not give off any coronary arteries

Answer 28

Non-coronary cusp

Question 29

Branch that goes right into the myocardium along the anterolateral wall

Answer 29

Diagonals of LAD

Question 30

Branch that perforates into the septum

Answer 30

Septal perforators of LAD

Question 31

Sometimes called left intermediate artery, ramus medianus or arteries intermedia

Answer 31

Ramus intermedius

Question 32

Only branch of LCX

Answer 32

Obtuse marginal

Question 33

Supplies the pulmonary conus or right ventricular outflow track

Answer 33

Conus branch of RCA

Question 34

Supplies the SA node located at the junction of the posterior wall of SVC and right atrium

Answer 34

Sinoatrial node branch of RCA

Question 35

Supplies the acute margin of the heart or the anterior wall of the right ventricle

Answer 35

Acute marginal branches of RCA

Question 36

Goes through the posterior IV groove

Answer 36

PDA

Question 37

Supplies the undersurface of the heart, goes through the cardiac groove or crux from the AV node branch

Answer 37

Posterolateral ventricular branch

Question 38

Supplies the AV node located near the crux

Answer 38

AV node branch

Question 39

PDA and PLV arise from the RCA

Answer 39

Right dominant

Question 40

PDA and PLV arise from the LCX

Answer 40

Left dominant

Question 41

If the RCA gives off the PDA, and the left main coronary artery gives off the PLV

Answer 41

Co-dominant

Question 42

Blood vessels are imaged after opacification by contrast medium Measures pressure in the heart chambers

Answer 42

Conventional angiography

Question 43

Used to evaluate if there is narrowing or a blockage in coronary arteries

Answer 43

CT angiography

Question 44

Can be used to assess wall motion | Affected by dominance

Answer 44

Cardiac MRI

Question 45

Supplies the anteroseptal and anterior of LV

Answer 45

LAD

Question 46

Supplies inferior and inferoseptal wall of LV

Answer 46

RCA

Question 47

Supplies anterolateral and inferolateral wall of LV

Answer 47

LCX

Question 48

Method of examining the heart to obtain information about the blood supply to the heart muscle

Answer 48

Thallium scan

Question 49

``` Increased pulmonary vascular markings Enlarged heart with right sided prominence Diminutive aorta Dilated main pulmonary arteries Can be asymptomatic ```

Answer 49

ASD

Question 50

Increased pulmonary vascular markings Enlarged heart with LV or biventricular prominence Aorta is unremarkable or normal in size because there is no excess blood going to the aorta Symptomatic (blue babies) Dilated RV

Answer 50

VSD

Question 51

Defect in both septa of the atrium and the ventricle | 1 solid valve with 5-6 cusps

Answer 51

AV canal defect

Question 52

Increased pulmonary vascular markings Enlarged heart with biventricular prominence Aorta is prominent Machinery-like murmur

Answer 52

PDA

Question 53

Normal vascularity Cardiomegaly with left ventricular prominence Figure of "3" sign Rib notching

Answer 53

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 54

Decreased pulmonary vascular markings Normal or enlarged heart with right ventricular prominence Pulmonary arteries are small Aorta can be prominent (right-sided aortic arch)

Answer 54

ROF

Question 55

Determines the degree of severity of TOF

Answer 55

Pulmonary artery stenosis

Question 56

Boot-shaped heart | Concave pulmonary artery, uplifted heart

Answer 56

TOF

Question 57

Increased vascularity Cardiomegaly Narrow vascular pedicle (egg on its side, apple on a stem)

Answer 57

TGA

Question 58

Decreased vascularity Cardiomegaly with bi-atrial and left ventricular prominence Concave pulmonary artery segment

Answer 58

Tricuspid atreia

Question 59

Increased vascularity Cardiomegaly with either or both ventricular and left atrail prominence Pulmonary venous congestion or edema (type I) Concave main pulmonary artery Wide mediastinum Right sided aortic arch

Answer 59

PTA

Question 60

Main pulmonary artery comes from the back of the trunk

Answer 60

PTA type I

Question 61

No main PA but R and L pulmonary arteries come from the back of the trunk

Answer 61

PTA type II

Question 62

R and L pulmonary arteries come from the side of the trunk

Answer 62

PTA types III

Question 63

Decreased vascularity Marked cardiomegaly Right atrial prominence Balloon-shaped or box-shaped heart

Answer 63

Ebstein's anomaly

Question 64

Increased vascularity Cardiomegaly with right atrial and right ventricular prominence Enlarged systemic veins (SCV and IVC)

Answer 64

TAPVR

Question 65

Persistent left-sided vertical vein connects pulmonary venous confluence to the left innominate vein, right SVC or azygos vein

Answer 65

TAPVR Type I (Supra)

Question 66

Snowman apperance

Answer 66

TAPVR Type I (Supra)

Question 67

Connections to the right atrium or coronary sinus Similar to ASD Most common type of TAPVR

Answer 67

TAPVR Type II (Intra/Cardiac)

Question 68

Connection is below the diaphragm, to the portal vein, ductus venosus, or hepatic vein Pulmonary edema Normal sized heart Prominence of the right atrium and less often the right ventricle

Answer 68

TAPVR Type III (Infra)

Question 69

Scimitar sign

Answer 69

TAPVR Type III (Infra)

Question 70

Various connections to the right side of the heart

Answer 70

TAPVR Mixed type