02/24

Question 1

behavioral approach

Answer 1

personality perspective
that focuses on the effects of learning on our
personality development.
● Behaviorists focus on how our environment
controls us.

Question 2

social cognitive perspective

Answer 2

views behavior as
influenced by the interaction between people’s
traits (including their thinking) and their social
context.
● Social-cognitive theorists focus on how we
and our environment interact
● Proposed by Albert Bandura (learning by
modelling; Bobo doll and aggression )

Question 3

personal control

Answer 3

whether we learn to see ourselves as controlling, or as controlled by, our environmen

Question 4

self concept

Answer 4

an understanding you have of yourself that includes elements such as intelligence level, gender identity roles, racial identity roles etc., which influence how we perceive ourselves both in the present and what we want to become in the future.

Question 5

self

Answer 5

in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Question 6

spotlight effect

Answer 6

overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).

Question 7

self esteem

Answer 7

a feeling of self-worth;
Defensive self-esteem is fragile. It focuses on sustaining itself, which makes failures and criticism feel threatening.
Secure self-esteem is less fragile, to feel accepted for who we are, and not for our looks, wealth, or acclaim, relieves pressures

Question 8

self efficacy

Answer 8

sense of competence on a task

Question 9

narcissism

Answer 9

excessive self-love and self-absorption.

Question 10

garner sympathy

Answer 10

Self-directed put-downs can be subtly strategic: They elicit reassuring strokes. Saying “No one likes me“ may at least elicit “But not everyone has met you!“