02/11

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
Social living, imitation, and language have ensured the preservation of innovation. Culture also enables division of labor.
Wolves are social animals, but they don’t have culture .

Question 2

tight culture

Answer 2

a place with clearly defined and reliably imposed norms
● People more often obey social norms
● A pedestrian might wait for the “WALK” light even if there are no cars around
● People arrive on time
● Never drop a piece of trash

Question 3

loose culture

Answer 3

a place with flexible and informal norms
● People tolerate some jaywalking
● Late arrivals are acceptable and expected
● People expect variability
● PDA tolerated

Question 4

cultural relativism

Answer 4

the belief that cultural norms and values should be understood within the context of their specific culture rather than judging them based on one’s own cultural standards.

Question 5

ethnocentrism

Answer 5

the tendency to view one’s own culture as superior or more valid than other cultures.

Question 6

multiculturalism

Answer 6

an approach that recognizes and celebrates diversity by promoting equal respect for all cultures within a society.

Question 7

social trap

Answer 7

Social traps refer to situations in which individuals or groups pursue immediate benefits that later result in negative consequences for the individual or group as a whole.
(can be related to groupthink and can be the opposite of delayed gratification)

Question 8

superordinate goals

Answer 8

These are shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.
Superordinate goals refer to shared objectives that necessitate cooperative effort, surpassing individual group member’s goals. These goals are integral to social identity and intergroup relations theories, promoting cohesion by reducing in-group versus out-group biases.

Question 9

prosocial behavior

Answer 9

positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior.

Question 10

altruism

Answer 10

unselfish regard for the welfare of others.

Question 11

bystander effect

Answer 11

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present, caused by a diffusion of responsibility

Question 12

social exchange theory

Answer 12

our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.

Question 13

reciprocity norm

Answer 13

expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.

Question 14

social responsibility norm

Answer 14

expectation that people will help those needing their help