01 Work Stress Models

Question 1

6 stress models

Answer 1

1. Transactional model of stress
2. Job demands-control & demands-resources model
3. Conservation of resources theory
4. Effort-Recovery model
5. Person-Environment fit
6. Effort-Reward Imbalance model

Question 2

2 core assumptions of the transactional model

Answer 2

1. stress is a subjective perception (what’s stressful to one person may not be stressful to another person)
2. stress is a cognitive process (cognitive appraisal)

Question 3

Primary appraisal of transactional model

Answer 3

Evaluate whether the event is a threat to one’s well-being/health or not

Question 4

Secondary appraisal of transactional model

Answer 4

Evaluate if a person has options for coping with a stressor

Question 5

2 types of coping

Answer 5

1. problem-focused coping

2. emotion-focused coping

Question 6

2 factors prominent in producing job stress, according to the Job Demands-Control Model + definitions

Answer 6

1. Job demands: workload

2. Job control: autonomy and decision latitude

Question 7

Low control + low demands =

Answer 7

Passive

Question 8

Low control + high demands =

Answer 8

High strain

Question 9

High control + low demands =

Answer 9

Low strain

Question 10

High control + high demands =

Answer 10

Active

Question 11

Difference in affective distress at work for low job control when cyber incivility is low and high?

Answer 11

Distress increases as cyber incivility increases

Question 12

Healthy work, as defined by the Job Demands-Control-Support Model

Answer 12

1. high control
2. strong support
3. low or high demands

Question 13

Dangerous work, as defined by the Job Demands-Control-Support Model

Answer 13

1. low control
2. weak support
3. high demands

Question 14

JD-R, resources are physical, psychological, or organization aspects that are/or: (3)

Answer 14

1. functional in achieving work goals
2. stimulates personal growth, development, learning
3. reduce job demands or any psychological/physical cost

Question 15

COR, resources

Answer 15

objects, personal characteristics, materials, personal/work conditions

Question 16

3 central tenets of COR theory

Answer 16

1. individuals strive to replenish “resources” when the resources are depleted; otherwise, it will lead to “spiral of resource loss”
2. resources help individuals better deal with demands in their environments
3. a situation is experienced as stressful to the extent that an individual feels that the circumstances will lead to a resource loss

Question 17

3 applications of COR theory to work stress research

Answer 17

1. job burnout
2. work-family conflict
3. recovery from job stress

Question 18

2 assumptions of ERT

Answer 18

1. working individuals invest their efforts into their job tasks/demands
2. expenditure of work efforts taxes on our functional system, eliciting load reactions

Question 19

2 central tenets of ERT

Answer 19

1. when functional system is activated for a prolonged time without sufficient respites, individuals develop strains
2. the concept of recover is the functional system returns to pre-stressor level

Question 20

ERT suggests that

Answer 20

employees need to take time to recover from job stress, otherwise their ability to sustain well-being and performance capabilities will be severely limited

Question 21

ERI model is based on what theory

Answer 21

social exchange (reciprocity) theory: an imbalance between high efforts and low reward leads to negative outcomes (low pay, high demand)

Question 22

According to ERI, which people are at greatest risk of poor health?

Answer 22

Overcommitted people

Question 23

Hypothesis of PEF model

Answer 23

Fit between person & environment determines amount of stress that a person perceives

Question 24

3 components of the NIOSH model of job stress

Answer 24

(1) Stressful job conditions –> (2) Individual and situational factors –> (3) Risk of injury and illness