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[42] GLP-1 > [01] Insulin Secretion > Flashcards

[01] Insulin Secretion Flashcards

1
Q

Where are pancreatic beta cells located?

A

In the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas

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2
Q

What organ is adjacent to the pancreas?

A

Duodenum

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3
Q

What are islets of Langerhans?

A

Endocrine part of the pancreas

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4
Q

What other cell type is present in islets besides beta cells?

A

Alpha cells

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5
Q

What do alpha cells secrete?

A

Glucagon

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6
Q

What transporter allows glucose into beta cells?

A

GLUT2

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7
Q

What enzyme phosphorylates glucose in beta cells?

A

Glucokinase

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8
Q

What is the product of glucose phosphorylation?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate

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9
Q

What metabolic pathways follow glucose phosphorylation?

A
  • Glycolysis
  • TCA Cycle
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10
Q

What ion channel closes due to an increased ATP/ADP ratio?

A

K-ATP channels

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11
Q

What is the effect of K-ATP channel closure?

A

Membrane depolarization

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12
Q

Which ion channels open due to membrane depolarization?

A

Voltage-dependent calcium channels

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13
Q

What ion enters the cell causing insulin granule mobilization?

A

Ca^2+

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14
Q

How is insulin released from beta cells?

A

Exocytosis of insulin-containing granules

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15
Q

How do beta cells sense increased blood glucose?

A

Through glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes

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16
Q

What metabolic signal leads to insulin release after food ingestion?

A

Increase in ATP/ADP ratio

17
Q

What happens to insulin when blood glucose normalizes?

A

Secretion diminishes, forming a feedback loop

18
Q

What are the target cells for insulin?

A
  • Liver
  • Muscle
  • Adipose tissue
19
Q

What hormone can modulate insulin secretion?

A

GLP-1

20
Q

What neurotransmitters can modulate insulin secretion?

A

Various (not specified)

21
Q

What pathological condition can result from dysfunction in insulin secretion?

A

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

22
Q

GLUT2 - Initials

A

Glucose Transporter 2

23
Q

ATP - Initials

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

24
Q

ADP - Initials

A

Adenosine Diphosphate

25
Q

K-ATP channels - Initials

A

ATP-sensitive Potassium Channels

26
Q

TCA Cycle - Initials

A

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

27
Q

GLP-1 - Initials

A

Glucagon-like Peptide-1

[42] GLP-1 (11 decks)

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