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ANATOMY II Exam #1- Lo > 01-29: Blood Supply to Abdominal Viscera > Flashcards

01-29: Blood Supply to Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

At which vertebra does the abdominal aorta begin?

A

T12

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2
Q

What does the abdominal aorta enter through to get to the abdomen?

A

aortic hiatus

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3
Q

Is the abdominal aorta intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

retroperitoneal

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4
Q

Is the abdominal aorta anterior or posterior to ventral bodies?

A

anterior

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5
Q

At which vertebra does the abdominal aorta terminate?

A

L4

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6
Q

What does the abdominal aorta divide into at L4?

A

Left and Right common iliac arteries

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7
Q

Where is the IVC relative to the abdominal aorta?

A

just right to the abdominal aorta

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8
Q

Which major vein crosses anterior to the aorta?

A

Left renal vein

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9
Q

What forms the aortic hiatus?

A

Left and Right crus of the diaphragm

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10
Q

What major structures are posterior to the abdominal aorta?

A
  • Anterior longitudinal ligament

- Vertebral bodies

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11
Q

Which nerves/plexuses are located on the anterior and lateral surfaces of the abdominal aorta?

A
  • celiac plexus
  • superior mesenteric plexus
  • inferior mesenteric plexus
  • renal plexus
  • autonomic nerves
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12
Q

Where is the thoracic duct with the cisterna chyli relative to the abdominal aorta?

A

to the right

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13
Q

What are the relations of these structures to the abdominal aorta?

  • IVC
  • Pancreas
  • Duodenum
  • Root of THE mesentery
A
  • IVC&raquo_space; RIGHT
  • Pancreas&raquo_space; ANTERIOR
  • Duodenum&raquo_space; ANTERIOR
  • Root of THE mesentery&raquo_space; ANTERIOR
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14
Q

What are the 6 paired branches of the abdominal aorta?

A
  • inferior phrenic aa.
  • subcostal aa.
  • lumbar aa.
  • (middle) suprarenal aa.
  • renal aa.
  • gonadal aa.

**terminates into common iliacs

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15
Q

At which vertebra is the renal aa. located?

A

L2

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16
Q

What are the 4 un-paired branches of the abdominal aorta and their vertebral levels?

A
  • Celiac a./trunk (T12 & L1)
  • Superior mesenteric a. (L1)
  • Inferior mesenteric a. (L3)
  • Median sacral a. (L4)
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17
Q

The celiac trunk branches immediately below the ____________

A

aoritc hiatus

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18
Q

What is the celiac trunk surrounded by?

A

celiac plexus and ganglia

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19
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the celiac trunk?

A
  • Left gastric a. (superior)
  • Common hepatic a. (Right)
  • Splenic a. (Left)
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20
Q

What are the 2 branches of the Left gastric artery?

A
  • Esophageal branches
  • Branches to Lesser Curvature of stomach (anastamose with branches of the right gastric artery along the lesser curvature)
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21
Q

What are the 2 branches of the common hepatic artery?

A
  • Proper Hepatic artery (up)

- Gastroduodenal artery (down)

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22
Q

What artery is usually a branch of the Right hepatic artery?

A

cystic artery

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23
Q

What may the Gastroduodenal artery give off?

A

supraduodenal artery

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24
Q

Where does most of the gastroduodenal artery run relative to the duodenum?

A

POSTERIOR

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25
Q

What are the terminal branches of the gastroduodenal artery?

A
  • Right gastro-omental a

- Superior pancreaticoduodenal branches

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26
Q

Where does the splenic artery run relative to the stomach and the pancreas?

A

POSTERIOR to stomach

SUPERIOR to pancreas

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27
Q

What does the splenic artery terminate as?

A

several splenic arteries that do NOT anastomose

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28
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the splenic artery?

A
  • Short gastric artery

- Left gastro-omental artery

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29
Q

What are the 3 contents of the Hepatoduodenal ligament (portal triad)?

A
  • Proper Hepatic artery [LEFT]
  • Portal vein [POSTERIOR]
  • Bile duct [RIGHT]
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30
Q

What kind of blood does the portal vein bring from the GI tract to the liver?

A
  • deoxygenated

- nutrient rich

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31
Q

What kind of blood does the Proper Hepatic artery supply?

A

-oxygenated blood

**because it is a branch of the common hepatic artery

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32
Q

What does the Proper hepatic artery further divide into?

A

Right and Left hepatic arteries

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33
Q

Where do the Right and Left hepatic arteries drain into?

A

IVC (right and left sides)

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34
Q

Do hepatic veins follow the branching patterns of portal veins, hepatic ducts, and hepatic arteries?

A

NO!!

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35
Q

Where is the superior mesenteric artery located?

A

1cm INFERIOR to the celiac trunk

36
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric artery emerge from the aorta, relative to the neck of the pancreas?

A

POSTERIOR to the neck of the pancreas

37
Q

Where does the pancreas receive blood supply from?

A
  • Celiac a.

- Superior mesenteric a.

38
Q

What is the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery?

A

branch of the gastroduodenal artery coming off of the celiac trunk

39
Q

What are the 2 branches of the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery?

A

Anterior & Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a.

40
Q

What is usually the first branch of the superior mesenteric a.?

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. (branches into ANT/POST)

41
Q

What do the gastroduodenal a. and the inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. come together to form?

A

anastomosing arcades on the head of the pancreas

42
Q

What are the 3 branches of the superior mesenteric a. that enter the small intestine?

A
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
  • jejunal arteries (LONG VR, SIMPLE arcades)
  • ileal arteries (SHORT VR, COMPLEX arcades)
43
Q

What are the 3 branches of the superior mesenteric a. that enter the large intestine?

A

(Superior&raquo_space; Inferior)

  • Middle colic a.
  • Right colic a.
  • Ileocolic a.
44
Q

What are the 4 branches of the ileocolic a.?

A
  • posterior cecal branch
  • anterior cecal branch
  • ileal branches
  • appendicular branch
45
Q

What part of the gut does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

hindgut

46
Q

What are the 3 branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A
  • Left colic a.
  • Sigmoid arteries
  • Superior rectal a.
47
Q

What are the 2 branches of the left colic a.?

A

ascending and descending branch

48
Q

With which 3 veins off the inferior mesenteric vein is there overlap within the portal system?

A
  • superior rectal vein
  • middle rectal vein
  • inferior rectal vein
49
Q

What does the superior rectal vein drain into?

A

inferior mesenteric vein

50
Q

What does the middle rectal vein drain into?

A

internal iliac veins

51
Q

What does the inferior rectal vein drain into?

A

external pudendal veins

52
Q

What does the hepatic portal system begin and end as?

A 
Begin = capillaries in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
End = capillaries in the LIVER
53
Q

What kind of blood is in the hepatic portal system?

A
  • deoxygenated

- nutrient rich

54
Q

Where does the hepatic portal system drain blood to and from?

A 
FROM = Esophagus
TO = Upper anal canal
55
Q

How long is the portal vein?

A

2 inches

56
Q

Does the portal vein have valves?

A

NO

57
Q

Which veins form the portal vein?

A
  • Splenic vein
  • Superior mesenteric vein
  • Inferior mesenteric vein
58
Q

Which 2 veins does the inferior mesenteric vein enter?

A

Either:

  • Superior mesenteric v.
  • Splenic v.
59
Q

Where does the hepatic portal system form, relative to the pancreas?

A

POSTERIOR to the neck of the pancreas

60
Q

What does the portal system run through to enter the liver?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

61
Q

Where does the portal system enter the liver?

A

at the Porta Hepatis

62
Q

What are the 4 direct tributaries of the portal vein?

A
  • (paraumbilical vv. [anterior wall])
  • cystic v.
  • Left gastric v.
  • Right gastric v.
63
Q

What are the 4 direct tributaries of the splenic vein?

A
  • splenic vv. (proper)
  • short gastric vv.
  • Left gastro-omental v.
  • Pancreatic vv.
64
Q

What are the 2 direct tributaries of the superior mesenteric vein?

A
  • Right gastro-omental v.

- Pancreaticoduodenal vv.

65
Q

What are the 4 branches of the superior mesenteric vein?

A
  • intestinal vv. (jejunal and ileal vv.)
  • ileocolic v. (cecal and appendicular vv.)
  • Right colic v.
  • Middle colic v.
66
Q

What is the overlap between the veins of the esophagus clinically important?

A

-blood can drain superiorly or inferiorly into the azygos system

**NOTE- Submucous venous plexus in the esophagus

67
Q

What are the 2 veins that drain the liver through the IVC?

A
  • Right hepatic vein

- Left hepatic vein

68
Q

The hepatic veins are __________

A

intersegmental

69
Q

Where do the common iliac veins join to form the IVC?

A
  • L5

- Posterior and inferior to aortic bifurcation

70
Q

Does the IVC pass through the anterior or posterior aspect of the liver?

A

posterior

71
Q

At which vertebra does the IVC pierce the central tendon of the diaphragm?

A

T8

72
Q

What does the IVC drain?

A
  • posterior body wall muscles
  • GU system (internal iliac veins)
  • LE (external iliac veins)
73
Q

What are the tributaries of the IVC?

A
  • Right and left common iliac veins
  • Median sacral v.
  • Lumbar veins (paired, segmented)
  • Right and Left renal vv.
  • Right gonadal v.
  • Right suprarenal v.
  • Hepatic vv.
  • Inferior phrenic vv.
74
Q

Which veins are NOT tributaries of the IVC and instead enter the Left Renal vein?

A
  • Left gonadal v.

- Left suprarenal v.

75
Q

Where do the veins from the GI tract normally drain?

A

into the portal vein (either directly or indirectly)

76
Q

Where do the veins from posterior structures (kidneys) normally drain?

A

into the IVC

77
Q

What are the portal-caval anastomoses?

A

connections between the portal venous system and the IVC system

78
Q

When does the portal-caval anastomoses become important?

A

when the liver is blocked

**varicosities = backup of blood&raquo_space; hemorrhage

79
Q

What happens when the liver is blocked due to disease?

A

blood flows back through the portal system&raquo_space; through interconnections with the IVC&raquo_space; heart

80
Q

Why is the portal-caval anastomoses possible?

A

portal system does NOT have valves

81
Q

What are the 4 main ways for blood to bypass the liver?

A
  • Esophageal branches
  • Periumbilical veins
  • Colic veins
  • Superior, Middle, Inferior rectal veins
82
Q

How do the esophageal branches of the Left Gastric vein help blood bypass the liver?

A

They connect with veins on the lower thoracic esophagus

  • *Causes esophageal varicosities
  • *Result of portal HTN (cirrhosis)
83
Q

Where do paraumbilical veins run?

A

in the base of the falciform ligament

**drain the umbilical area

84
Q

How do the paraumbilical veins in the falciform ligament with the subcutaneous veins around the umbilicus in the anterior abdominal wall help blood bypass the liver?

A

Liver blocked&raquo_space; paraumbilical veins dilate&raquo_space; blood flows towards caval system

  • *Causes Inferior/Superior epigastric veins empty into external iliac and femoral veins
  • *Result: Caput Medusae
85
Q

How do the colic veins to the retroperitoneal veins help blood bypass the liver?

A

veins draining ascending (sup. mes) and descending (inf. mes.) colon&raquo_space; connect with retroperitoneal veins (Veins of Retzius)&raquo_space; drain the posterior body wall&raquo_space; into lumbar veins&raquo_space; IVC

86
Q

How do the Superior, Middle, and Inferior rectal veins help blood bypass the liver?

A

middle and inferior rectal veins&raquo_space; empty into internal iliac veins&raquo_space; common iliac veins

**Rectal varicosities/internal hemorrhoids

ANATOMY II Exam #1- Lo (7 decks)

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