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ANATOMY II Exam #1- Lo > 01-22: Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

01-22: Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main contents of the Abdominal region?

A
  • Peritoneal cavity
  • GI tract (and associated glands and digestive organs)
  • Nerves, lymphatics, blood vessels
  • Renal system
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2
Q

What are the 4 major bony landmarks on the Anterior Abdominal Wall?

A
  • Xiphoid process
  • Costal margins
  • Ilium
  • Pubis
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3
Q

What are the 3 bony landmarks on the ilium?

A
  • Iliac crest
  • ASIS
  • Tubercle of iliac crest (widest part of pelvis)
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4
Q

What are the 3 bony landmarks on the Pubis?

A
  • Pubic tubercle
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Pubic crest
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5
Q

What is the pelvic inlet also called?

A

Linea Terminalis

** Defines true pelvis from false pelvis

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6
Q

What does the pelvic inlet separate?

A

True pelvis from False pelvis

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7
Q

What is SUPERIOR to the linea terminalis?

A

Abdomen or False pelvis

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8
Q

What is INFERIOR to the linea terminalis?

A

Pelvis or True pelvis

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9
Q

What 3 things form the pelvic inlet Linea Terminalis?

A
  • Pectin pubis/Pectinate line (Pubic bone)
  • Arcuate line (Ilium)
  • Sacral promontory (Sacrum)
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10
Q

What is the order of the Superficial Fascia from outside to inside?

A
  • Skin
  • Fatty layer (Camper’s)
  • Membranous layer (Scarpa’s)
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11
Q

What is the Fatty/Camper’s layer continuous with?

A

Superficial fatty layers in the:

  • Thorax
  • Thigh
  • Perineum
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12
Q

What is the Membranous/Scarpa’s layer continuous with?

A
  • Fascia lata in the thigh
  • The deep layer of superficial perineal fascia
  • Continuous over the penis and scrotum
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13
Q

What layer of the superficial fascia do the superficial blood vessels run in?

A

Fatty/Camper’s layer

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14
Q

What fascia of the abdominal wall is clinically important because it holds sutures?

A

Deep fascia (Investing fascia of the muscles)

-It does not follow the same pattern as the membranous layer of the superficial fascia

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15
Q

Where is there a potential space in the Deep Fasica where fluid can leak?

A

Between:

  • Membranous layer of superficial fascia
  • Deep fascia of the external abdominal oblique muscle
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16
Q

What line is the lateral border of the rectus abdomens muscle?

A

Linea Semilunaris (Semilunar line)

**6-pack

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17
Q

What line is the abdominal midline?

A

Linea Alba (white line)

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18
Q

What are the 5 planes of the Anterior Abdominal Wall surface?

A

From Superior > Inferior:

1) Transpyloric plane
2) Subcostal plane
3) Supracrestal plane
4) Transtubercular plane
5) Interspinous plane

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19
Q

Which abdominal plane is midway between the superior borders of the pubic symphysis and the manubrium?

A

Transpyloric plane (goes through the stomach)

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20
Q

Which abdominal plane is at the lowest level of the costal margin (the inferior margin of the 10th costal cartilage)?

A

Subcostal plane

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21
Q

Which abdominal plane passes through the summits of the iliac crests (L4)?

A

Supracrestal plane

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22
Q

Which abdominal plane is at the level of the iliac tubercles?

A

Transtubercular plane

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23
Q

Which abdominal plane is at the level of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)?

A

Interspinous plane

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24
Q

What 3 regions are between the two midclavicular lines?

A

Superior > Inferior

  • Epigastric region
  • Umbilical region
  • Pubic/Suprapubic/Hypogastric region
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25
Q

What 3 regions lie on the Right side of the abdomen?

A

Superior > Inferior

  • Right Hypochondriac region
  • Right Lateral (Lumbar) region
  • Right Inguinal region
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26
Q

What 3 regions lie on the Left side of the abdomen?

A

Superior > Inferior

  • Left Hypochondriac region
  • Left Lateral (Lumbar) region
  • Left Inguinal region
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27
Q

What are the contents of the RUQ Anterior to Posterior?

A
  • Liver
  • Duodenum
  • Gallbladder
  • Kidneys
  • Suprarenal glands
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28
Q

What are the contents of the LUQ Anterior to Posterior?

A
  • Transverse colon
  • Stomach
  • Spleen
  • Pancreas
  • Kindeys
  • Suprarenal glands
  • Abdominal aorta
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29
Q

What are the contents of the RLQ Anterior to Posterior?

A
  • Small intestine (jejunum and ileum)
  • Ascending colon with cecum and vermiform appendix
  • Ureters
  • Urinary bladder
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30
Q

What are the contents of the LLQ Anterior to Posterior?

A
  • Small intestine (jejunum and ileum)
  • Descending colon
  • Ureters
  • Urinary bladder
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31
Q

What are the 4 pairs of muscles (located Anteriorly and Laterally) that collectively compress and hold the abdominal organs in place, flex and stabilize the vertebral?

A
  • External abdominal obliques
  • Internal abdominal obliques
  • Transversus abdominis
  • Rectus abdominis

**Laterally flex the vertebral column when they unilaterally contract

**TIER

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32
Q

What are the 4 muscles (located posteriorly) that flex the spine and lower limb?

**flexors of trunk and/or hip

A
  • iliacus
  • psoas major
  • psoas minor
  • quadratus lumborum

**QIPP

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33
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

the 3 flat muscles of the anterior/lateral abdominal wall end anteriorly in a strong sheet of aponeurosis

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34
Q

What does the rectus sheath enclose?

A

the rectus abdominis

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35
Q

What is the midline of the rectus sheath?

A

linea alba

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36
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

-the line where the arrangement of layers of fascia and aponeuroses of the muscles forming the recuts sheath changes going from upper to lower abdominal wall

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37
Q

Where is the arcuate line located?

A

half way between:

  • umbilicus
  • public symphysis

**Now all layers are ANTERIOR to rectus abdominis

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38
Q

What are the layers of the rectus sheath in order going from Anterior to Posterior ABOVE the arcuate line?

A
  • *[SF ME IR]
  • *[I TA TEP]
  • Skin
  • Fatty later of superficial fascia
  • Membranous layer of superficial fascia
  • Aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique fascia (2 layers)
  • 1 layer of internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis
  • Rectus abdominis muscle
  • 1 layer of internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis
  • Aponeurosis of transverse abdominis (2 layers)
  • Transverse fascia [saran wrap]
  • Extraperitoneal tissue
  • Parietal peritoneum
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39
Q

What are the layers of the rectus sheath in order going from Anterior to Posterior BELOW the arcuate line?

A
  • *[SF ME IT]
  • *[R TEP]
  • Skin
  • Fatty later of superficial fascia
  • Membranous layer of superficial fascia
  • Aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique fascia (2 layers)
  • Aponeurosis of internal abdominal oblique (2 layers)
  • Aponeurosis of transverse abdominis (2 layers)
  • Rectus abdominis muscle
  • Transverse fascia [saran wrap]
  • Extraperitoneal tissue
  • Parietal peritoneum
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40
Q

Do any BV cross the linea alba?

A

NO

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41
Q

What do the external obliques form by folding over?

A

inguinal ligament

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42
Q

Which posterior abdominal muscle is posterior to the inguinal ligament and attaches to the LESSER TROCHANTER?

A

Iliacus

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43
Q

Where do the deep system of abdominal wall arteries originate?

A
  • superiorly = subclavian artery

- inferiorly = external iliac artery

44
Q

Where do the deep system of abdominal wall arteries branch from in the mid-abdomen?

A

abdominal aorta

45
Q

Where do the superficial system of abdominal wall arteries originate?

A
  • superiorly = perforating branches

- inferiorly = branches of femoral artery

46
Q

What 7 arteries does the deep system of abdominal wall arteries include?

A
  • musculophrenic aa.
  • superior epigastric
  • inferior epigastric
  • intercostal aa.
  • subcostal aa.
  • lumbar aa.
  • deep circumflex iliac aa.

**MSII SLD

47
Q

Where do the arteries of the superficial system of arteries run?

A

in the superficial fascial layer

48
Q

What 3 arteries does the superficial system of abdominal wall arteries include?

A
  • superficial circumflex iliac a.
  • superficial epigastric a.
  • external pudendal a. (superficial and deep branch)

**SSE

49
Q

Where does the superficial circumflex iliac artery sit?

A

on membranous fascia through the Camper’s fascia

50
Q

What are the 4 Anterior Abdominal wall veins for Deep Drainage within the abdominal wall muscles along with arteries?

A
  • subclavian vv.
  • external iliac vv.
  • lumbar vv.
  • intercostal vv.

**SELI

51
Q

What are the 3 Anterior Abdominal wall veins for Superficial Drainage within the Camper’s fascia?

A
  • thoracoepigastric vv.
  • lateral thoracic vv.
  • superficial epigastric vv.

**TLS

52
Q

From the thoracoabdominal intercostal nerve, the Lateral cutaneous branches emerge anterior to the axillary region and bifurcate into ______ and _______ branches

A

anterior and posterior cutaneous branches

53
Q

What do the anterior cutaneous branches of the thoracoabdominal intercostal nerve end with?

A

medial and lateral anterior cutaneous branches

54
Q

What sensory dermatomes do the nerves in the Anterior Abdominal wall innervate?

A

T7-L1

55
Q

Where is the T7 sensory dermatome located?

A

xiphoid region (tip)

56
Q

Where is the T10 sensory dermatome located?

A

umbilical region

57
Q

Where is the L1 sensory dermatome located?

A

inguinal fold region

58
Q

What are the 3 nerves that innervate muscles in the Anterior Abdominal wall?

A
  • intercostal nn.
  • subcostal nerve
  • lumbar nn.
59
Q

What sensory dermatomes does the intercostal nn. innervate in the Anterior Abdominal wall?

A

T7-T11

60
Q

What sensory dermatomes does the subcostal nerve innervate in the Anterior Abdominal wall?

A

T12

61
Q

What sensory dermatomes does the lumbar nn. innervate in the Anterior Abdominal wall?

A

L1-L4

62
Q

Where do the cutaneous branches of ventral rami of the intercostal nn. lie in the Anterior Abdominal wall?

A

between internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis

63
Q

Where do the cutaneous branches of ventral rami of the intercostal nn. pierce in the Anterior Abdominal wall?

A

the rectus sheath to innervate the rectus abdominis muscles

64
Q

What do the cutaneous branches of ventral rami of the intercostal nn. supply in the Anterior Abdominal wall?

A
  • skin
  • muscles
  • parietal peritoneum
65
Q

What is the angle of the cutaneous branches of ventral rami of the intercostal nn. in the Anterior Abdominal wall?

A

angle inferiomedially

66
Q

Which nerves are part of the lumbar plexus?

A

L1

L2

67
Q

What is the superior aspect of the abdomen-pelvic cavity?

A

thoracic diaphragm at T12

68
Q

What are the 3 foramina that go through the diaphragm?

A
  • esophagus
  • aorta
  • IVC
69
Q

Which rib is the last to attach singly to the sternum?

A

rib 6

70
Q

What is the opening in the external abdominal oblique muscle for the spermatic cord/uterus?

A

superficial inguinal ring

71
Q

What 2 muscle layers do intercostal arteries and nerves run through?

A
  • Innermost
  • Internal

**In abdomen&raquo_space; between Internal Abdominal Oblique and Transversus abdominis

72
Q

What nerves make up the Iliohypogastric nerve?

A

L1

Sometimes T12

73
Q

What branches make up the Iliohypogastric nerve?

A
  • Lateral cutaneous branch

- Anterior cutaneous branch

74
Q

What does the Iliohypogastric nerve supply?

A

Suprapubic region

75
Q

What nerve makes up the Ilioinguinal nerve?

A

L1

76
Q

What does the Ilioinguinal nerve enter?

A

inguinal canal

77
Q

What does the ilioinguinal nerve emerge through?

A

superficial inguinal ring

78
Q

What does the Ilioinguinal nerve supply?

A
  • Groin

- Scrotum/Labium Majus

79
Q

What nerves make up the Genitofemoral nerve?

A

L1

L2

80
Q

What are the 2 branches of the Genitofemoral nerve?

A
  • Genital branch

- Femoral branch

81
Q

What does the genital branch of the Genitofemoral nerve exit through?

A

superficial inguinal ring of the inguinal canal

82
Q

What does the genital branch of the Genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A
  • Cremaster muscle

- Cutaneous to Labium Majus

83
Q

What does the femoral branch of the Genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A

cutaneous to the femoral triangle area

84
Q

Where does the superficial lymphatic drainage of the anterior abdomen drain SUPERIORLY from?

A

From Umbilical region&raquo_space; Anterior Axillary and Sternal Nodes

85
Q

Where does the superficial lymphatic drainage of the anterior abdomen drain INFERIORLY from?

A

From Umbilical region&raquo_space; Superficial Inguinal Nodes

86
Q

Where does the Deep Lymphatic drainage of the anterior abdomen drain along?

A

Along Posterior intercostal & Lumbar vessels&raquo_space; Deep Abdominal Nodes

87
Q

Where does the Deep Lymphatic drainage of the anterior abdomen drain from?

A

From Testes&raquo_space; Deep Abdominal Nodes

88
Q

What is a hernia?

A

A portion of the viscera that protrudes through a weakened point of the muscular wall of the abdominopelivic cavity

89
Q

When do hernias become a significant medical problem?

A

if the herniated portion of the intestine swells and becomes trapped

**Strangulated intestina hernia

90
Q

What are the 3 types of hernias?

A
  • Inguinal hernias
  • Femoral hernias
  • Umbilical hernias
91
Q

What is the most common type of hernia that requires treatment?

A

inguinal hernia

92
Q

What region of the abdominal wall is one of the weakest?

A

inguinal region

93
Q

Are males or females more likely to develop inguinal hernias?

A

males

94
Q

What provides the force to push a segment of the small intestine into the canal?

A

the rising pressure in the abdominal cavity

95
Q

What are the 2 types of inguinal hernias?

A
  • Direct inguinal hernia

- Indirect inguinal hernia

96
Q

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

A
  • Loop of small intestine protrudes directly through the superficial inguinal ring
  • NOT down the entire length of the inguinal canal
  • Creates = a bulge in lower anterior abd wall
97
Q

What is an indirect inguinal hernia?

A
  • Herniation travels down the ENTIRE inguinal canal

- May extend to scrotum

98
Q

Which inguinal hernias are seen commonly in younger males and can be congenital?

A

indirect inguinal hernias

99
Q

Which inguinal hernias are usually acquired?

A

Direct inguinal hernias

100
Q

Which inguinal hernias have the herniation pass lateral to Inferior Epigastric vessels to enter the Deep Inguinal Ring?

A

Indirect inguinal hernias

101
Q

Which inguinal hernias have the herniation pass medial to Inferior Epigastric vessels punching trough the peritoneum and transversalis fascia?

A

Direct inguinal hernias

102
Q

Where does a femoral hernia occur?

A
  • Upper thigh
  • Just inferior to inguinal ligament
  • In femoral triangle
103
Q

Which part of the femoral triangle is relatively weak and prone to stress injury?

A

medial part of femoral triangle

**Allows a loop of small intestine to protrude

104
Q

Do males or females more commonly develop femoral hernias?

A

females

**Their femoral triangle has a greater width

105
Q

What is an umbilical hernia?

A

portion of the intestine pushes through the abdominal wall musculature in the:

  • Periumbilical region
  • Umbilical region
106
Q

Are umbilical hernias more common in adults or infants?

A

infants

ANATOMY II Exam #1- Lo (7 decks)

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