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ANATOMY II Exam #1- Lo > 01-06: Thorax, Lungs, Pleura > Flashcards

01-06: Thorax, Lungs, Pleura Flashcards

1
Q

Which ribs are true ribs?

A

Ribs 1 & 2

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2
Q

What does the manubrium of the sternum articulate with?

A

Rib 1 and the Body of the Sternum

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3
Q

Which part of the rib articulates with the bodies of vertebrae?

A

Head

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4
Q

Which muscle is considered the primary muscle of respiration (breathing)?

A

Diaphragm

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5
Q

Where do the ribs articulate anteriorly?

A

Costal cartilage

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6
Q

Where do the ribs articulate posteriorly?

A

Vertebrae

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7
Q

3 parts of the Sternum

A
  • Manubrium
  • Body
  • Xiphoid
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8
Q

Location of Superior Thoracic Aperture

A
  • where the first rib articulates with T1 and the Manubrium of Sternum
  • Root of head and neck
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9
Q

What enters the Superior Thoracic Aperture?

A
  • Vagus nerve
  • Parasympathetic cranial nerves
  • Parts of Cervical Plexus (Phrenic nerve)
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10
Q

What exits the Superior Thoracic Aperture?

A
  • Great Vessels (Subclavian Artery, Brachiocephalic trunk,…)
  • Jugular structures going into Subclavian veins and SVC
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11
Q

Location of Inferior Thoracic Aperture?

A
  • Floating ribs
  • Costal margin
  • T12
  • Xiphoid process of Sternum
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12
Q

What completely covers the Inferior Thoracic Aperture?

A

Diaphragm

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13
Q

What is above the Diaphragm and directly in the middle of the Thoracic Cavity?

A

Mediastinum

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14
Q

What is lateral (surrounds) the mediastinum?

A

Pleural Cavity

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15
Q

4 parts of the Mediastinum?

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Superior
  • Inferior
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16
Q

What region are the ribs located in?

A

Thoracic only

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17
Q

What do the ribs articulate with?

A

Sternum and Vertebrae

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18
Q

Atypical ribs

A

Ribs 1, 2, 11, 12

-Weird shape or doesn’t articulate with anything

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19
Q

True (Vertebrocostal) ribs

A

Ribs 1-7

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20
Q

False (Vertebrochondral) ribs

A

Ribs 8-10

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21
Q

Floating ribs

A

Ribs 11-12

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22
Q

4 parts of Vertebral End of Typical ribs

A
  • head
  • neck
  • tubercle
  • angle
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23
Q

1 part of Middle End of Typical ribs

A

-Body (shaft)

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24
Q

Sternal End of Typical ribs

A

articulates directly with sternum, costal cartilage, or sits in fascia

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25
Q

Articulation spot for neck muscles on Rib 1

A

Scalene tubercle and ridge

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26
Q

2 Grooves on Rib 1

A
  • Subclavian vein
  • Subclavian artery

Because it’s right at Superior Thoracic Aperture

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27
Q

Tuberosity on Rib 2

A

For Serratus Anterior

28
Q

of facets on heads of Rib 1 compared to Rib 2

A
  • Rib 1 = Single facet on head

- Rib 2 = Two facets on head (articulate with Inferior and Superior demifacets on vertebrae)

29
Q

Ribs with no sternal end

A

Ribs 11 & 12

30
Q

Rib with blunt sternal end

A

Rib 8

31
Q

Tubercle of Rib 8 articulation

A

Transverse Process Facet

32
Q

Which ribs don’t have tubercles?

A

Floating ribs

33
Q

What costal notch articulates with the Xiphoid process?

A

7th Costal Notch

34
Q

What runs through costal groove? (On inside inferior margin of the rib)

A

Intercostal artery and nerve

35
Q

Shaft of rib is attachment site for what?

A

Attachement site for intercostal muscles

36
Q

Tubercle of rib articulates with

A

Transverse process of vertebra of same number as rib

37
Q

2 Secondary Cartilaginous Joints

A
  • Intervertebral joint

- Manubriosternal joint

38
Q

3 Synovial Plane Joints

A
  • Costovertebral joints of head of ribs
  • Costotransverse joints
  • Sternocostal (2nd-7th)
39
Q

What is the main named ligament of ribs?

A

Radiate ligament

40
Q

Movement of thoracic skeleton during FORCED INSPIRATION

A

Upward

41
Q

Movement of thoracic skeleton during FORCED EXPIRATION

A

Downward

42
Q

Movement of diaphragm during FORCED INSPIRATION

A

Downward - flattened dome

43
Q

Movement of diaphragm during FORCED EXPIRATION

A

Upward - tall dome

44
Q

What muscles helps move the diaphragm upward and downward?

A

Intercostal muscles

45
Q

Intercostal muscles

A
  • Internal intercostal (Sup-Ant&raquo_space; Inf-Post)
  • External intercostal (Sup-Post&raquo_space; Inf-Ant)
  • Innermost intercostal
  • Serratus posterior superior
  • Serratus posterior inferior
46
Q

Diaphragm innervation

A

phrenic nerve (C3-C5 of cervical plexus)

47
Q

Most posterior hole in diaphragm?

A

Aortic Hiatus

48
Q

Hole in diaphragm superior to Aortic Hiatus?

A

Esophageal Hiatus

49
Q

Most anterior hole in diaphragm?

A

Caval opening (for Inferior Vena Cava)

50
Q

Ligament at apex of Aortic Hiatus?

A

Median Arcuate Ligament

  • Anchors diaphragm to posterior wall
  • Forms Left and Right Crus
51
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

continuous with Right and Left Crus

52
Q

C3,4,5

A

keeps the diaphragm alive

53
Q

What happens to the diaphragm when breathing in?

A

contracts

54
Q

What happens to the diaphragm when breathing out?

A

relaxes

55
Q

What 4 muscles ELEVATE the ribcage?

A
  • External intercostal muscles
  • Innermost intercostal muscles
  • Levator costarum
  • Serratus posterior superior
56
Q

What 4 muscles DEPRESS the ribcage?

A
  • Internal intercostal muscles
  • Transversus thoracis
  • Subcostal muscles
  • Serratus posterior inferior
57
Q

3 Primary cartilaginous joints

A
  • 1st Sternocostal
  • Costochondral
  • Xiphisternal
58
Q

What 2 arteries supply blood to the lungs?

A
  • Left bronchial a. (from aorta)

- Right bronchial a. (from intercostal arteries, aorta, or Left bronchial a.)

59
Q

What 2 veins drain the lungs?

A
  • Bronchial veins

- Pulmonary veins

60
Q

What do the bronchial veins drain into?

A

the azygos system

61
Q

Where does the right bronchial vein drain?

A

azygos vein

62
Q

Where does the left bronchial vein drain?

A

Accessory hemiazygos vein or Intercostal vein

63
Q

What are the 4 sympathetic pathways?

A
  • Spinal nerve pathway
  • Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway
  • Splenic nerve pathway
  • Adrenal medulla pathway
64
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the lungs?

A

Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway

via Right and Left Pulmonary Plexuses

65
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the lungs?

A

Vagus nerve

via Right and Left Pulmonary Plexuses

ANATOMY II Exam #1- Lo (7 decks)

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