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ANATOMY II Exam #1- Lo > 01-06: Thorax, Lungs, Pleura > Flashcards

01-06: Thorax, Lungs, Pleura Flashcards

1
Q

Which ribs are true ribs?

A

Ribs 1 & 2

-Clicker-

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2
Q

What does the manubrium of the sternum articulate with?

A

Rib 1 and the Body of the Sternum

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3
Q

Which part of the rib articulates with the bodies of vertebrae?

A

Head

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4
Q

Which muscle is considered the primary muscle of respiration (breathing)?

A

Diaphragm

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5
Q

Where do the ribs articulate anteriorly?

A

Costal cartilage

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6
Q

Where do the ribs articulate posteriorly?

A

Vertebrae

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7
Q

3 parts of the Sternum

A
  • Manubrium
  • Body
  • Xiphoid
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8
Q

Location of Superior Thoracic Aperture

A
  • where the first rib articulates with T1 and the Manubrium of Sternum
  • Root of head and neck
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9
Q

What enters the Superior Thoracic Aperture?

A
  • Vagus nerve
  • Parasympathetic cranial nerves
  • Parts of Cervical Plexus (Phrenic nerve)
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10
Q

What exits the Superior Thoracic Aperture?

A
  • Great Vessels (Subclavian Artery, Brachiocephalic trunk,…)
  • Jugular structures going into Subclavian veins and SVC
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11
Q

Location of Inferior Thoracic Aperture?

A
  • Floating ribs
  • Costal margin
  • T12
  • Xiphoid process of Sternum
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12
Q

What completely covers the Inferior Thoracic Aperture?

A

Diaphragm

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13
Q

What is above the Diaphragm and directly in the middle of the Thoracic Cavity?

A

Mediastinum

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14
Q

What is lateral (surrounds) the mediastinum?

A

Pleural Cavity

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15
Q

4 parts of the Mediastinum?

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Superior
  • Inferior
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16
Q

What region are the ribs located in?

A

Thoracic only

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17
Q

What do the ribs articulate with?

A

Sternum and Vertebrae

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18
Q

Atypical ribs

A

Ribs 1, 2, 11, 12

-Weird shape or doesn’t articulate with anything

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19
Q

True (Vertebrocostal) ribs

A

Ribs 1-7

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20
Q

False (Vertebrochondral) ribs

A

Ribs 8-10

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21
Q

Floating ribs

A

Ribs 11-12

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22
Q

4 parts of Vertebral End of Typical ribs

A
  • head
  • neck
  • tubercle
  • angle
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23
Q

1 part of Middle End of Typical ribs

A

-Body (shaft)

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24
Q

Sternal End of Typical ribs

A

articulates directly with sternum, costal cartilage, or sits in fascia

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25
Articulation spot for neck muscles on Rib 1
Scalene tubercle and ridge
26
2 Grooves on Rib 1
- Subclavian vein - Subclavian artery Because it's right at Superior Thoracic Aperture
27
Tuberosity on Rib 2
For Serratus Anterior
28
of facets on heads of Rib 1 compared to Rib 2
- Rib 1 = Single facet on head | - Rib 2 = Two facets on head (articulate with Inferior and Superior demifacets on vertebrae)
29
Ribs with no sternal end
Ribs 11 & 12
30
Rib with blunt sternal end
Rib 8
31
Tubercle of Rib 8 articulation
Transverse Process Facet
32
Which ribs don't have tubercles?
Floating ribs
33
What costal notch articulates with the Xiphoid process?
7th Costal Notch
34
What runs through costal groove? (On inside inferior margin of the rib)
Intercostal artery and nerve
35
Shaft of rib is attachment site for what?
Attachement site for intercostal muscles
36
Tubercle of rib articulates with
Transverse process of vertebra of same number as rib
37
2 Secondary Cartilaginous Joints
- Intervertebral joint | - Manubriosternal joint
38
3 Synovial Plane Joints
- Costovertebral joints of head of ribs - Costotransverse joints - Sternocostal (2nd-7th)
39
What is the main named ligament of ribs?
Radiate ligament
40
Movement of thoracic skeleton during FORCED INSPIRATION
Upward
41
Movement of thoracic skeleton during FORCED EXPIRATION
Downward
42
Movement of diaphragm during FORCED INSPIRATION
Downward - flattened dome
43
Movement of diaphragm during FORCED EXPIRATION
Upward - tall dome
44
What muscles helps move the diaphragm upward and downward?
Intercostal muscles
45
Intercostal muscles
- Internal intercostal (Sup-Ant >> Inf-Post) - External intercostal (Sup-Post >> Inf-Ant) - Innermost intercostal - Serratus posterior superior - Serratus posterior inferior
46
Diaphragm innervation
phrenic nerve (C3-C5 of cervical plexus)
47
Most posterior hole in diaphragm?
Aortic Hiatus
48
Hole in diaphragm superior to Aortic Hiatus?
Esophageal Hiatus
49
Most anterior hole in diaphragm?
Caval opening (for Inferior Vena Cava)
50
Ligament at apex of Aortic Hiatus?
Median Arcuate Ligament - Anchors diaphragm to posterior wall - Forms Left and Right Crus
51
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
continuous with Right and Left Crus
52
C3,4,5
keeps the diaphragm alive
53
What happens to the diaphragm when breathing in?
contracts
54
What happens to the diaphragm when breathing out?
relaxes
55
What 4 muscles ELEVATE the ribcage?
- External intercostal muscles - Innermost intercostal muscles - Levator costarum - Serratus posterior superior
56
What 4 muscles DEPRESS the ribcage?
- Internal intercostal muscles - Transversus thoracis - Subcostal muscles - Serratus posterior inferior
57
3 Primary cartilaginous joints
- 1st Sternocostal - Costochondral - Xiphisternal
58
What 2 arteries supply blood to the lungs?
- Left bronchial a. (from aorta) | - Right bronchial a. (from intercostal arteries, aorta, or Left bronchial a.)
59
What 2 veins drain the lungs?
- Bronchial veins | - Pulmonary veins
60
What do the bronchial veins drain into?
the azygos system
61
Where does the right bronchial vein drain?
azygos vein
62
Where does the left bronchial vein drain?
Accessory hemiazygos vein or Intercostal vein
63
What are the 4 sympathetic pathways?
- Spinal nerve pathway - Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway - Splenic nerve pathway - Adrenal medulla pathway
64
What is the sympathetic innervation of the lungs?
Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway | via Right and Left Pulmonary Plexuses
65
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the lungs?
Vagus nerve | via Right and Left Pulmonary Plexuses

ANATOMY II Exam #1- Lo (7 decks)

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