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ANATOMY II Exam #1- Lo > 01-27: Peritoneum > Flashcards

01-27: Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 derivatives of the peritoneum?

A
  • Foregut (celiac trunk)
  • Midgut (superior mesenteric a.)
  • Hindgut (inferior mesenteric a.)
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2
Q

What structures are in the Foregut?

A
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • duodenum
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • spleen
  • pancreas
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3
Q

What structures are in the Midgut?

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
  • cecum
  • appendix
  • ascending colon
  • 2/3 of transverse colon
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4
Q

What structures are in the Hindgut?

A
  • 1/3 transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
  • rectum
  • anal canal
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5
Q

What kind of membrane is the peritoneum?

A

a serous membrane

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6
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the peritoneum?

A
  • parietal peritoneum
  • (peritoneal cavity)
  • visceral peritoneum
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7
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

the body wall

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8
Q

What kind of fibers are abundant in the parietal peritoneum?

A

pain fibers via nerves from the body wall

**Somatosensory innervation

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9
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

A

viscera

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10
Q

What kind of fibers are abundant in the visceral peritoneum?

A

LACKS PAIN FIBERS

**Autonomics/Parasympathetic

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11
Q

Where is the abdominal cavity relative to the diaphragm?

A

BELOW the diaphragm

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12
Q

What is the mesentery?

A
  • 2 layers of visceral peritoneum
  • Part of peritoneal lining that is between organs
  • Suspends organs from the body wall
  • Transmit a lot of autonomics
  • Pain signals
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13
Q

What are the 2 general relations of viscera to the peritoneum?

A
  • intraperitoneal organs

- Extraperitoneal organs

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14
Q

What are the intraperitoneal organs covered on most sides by?

A

visceral peritoneum

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15
Q

What are the intraperitoneal organs suspend from the body wall by?

A

mesentery

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16
Q

Where do the Extraperitoneal retroperitoneal organs lie?

A

deep to the parietal peritoneum

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17
Q

What are the Extraperitoneal retroperitoneal organs covered by?

A

parietal peritoneum on one side of the body (often the posterior wall)

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18
Q

what organs do NOT have visceral peritoneal linings?

A

retroperitoneal

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19
Q

What are the 2 cavities of Intraperitoneal organs?

A
  • Abdominal peritoneal cavity

- Pelvic peritoneal cavity

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20
Q

What organs lie in the Abdominal Peritoneal Cavity?

A
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • speen
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • cecum & appendix
  • transverse & sigmoid column
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21
Q

What organs lie in the Pelvic Peritoneal Cavity?

A
  • uterine tubes
  • ovaries
  • uterus
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22
Q

What are the 2 types of Retroperitoneal organs?

A
  • primarily retroperitoneal

- secondarily retroperitoneal

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23
Q

What is the different between primarily and secondarily retroperitoneal organs?

A

Primarily = never had peritoneal lining

Secondarily = had peritoneal lining at one time

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24
Q

Which organs are primarily retroperitoneal?

A
  • aorta
  • IVC
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • adrenals
  • gonads
  • suprarenal glands
  • uterine cervix
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25
Which organs are secondarily retroperitoneal?
- duodenum - pancreas - ascending colon - descending colon - uterine bladder - distal ureters - prostate - seminal vesicle - uterine cervix - vagina - rectum (lower 1/3)
26
Which nerves supply the peritoneum?
nerves from the adjacent body wall **Supply pain & vasomotor fibers
27
What are peritoneal reflections?
- parts of peritoneal linings that are not against the body wall or an organ - Hang out between structures in the abdomen
28
What are the 3 main types of peritoneal reflections?
- mesentaries - ligaments and folds - omentum
29
What does the Falciform ligament do?
- anchors | - does NOT transmit anything
30
What is the Omentum (epiploon)?
- broad - 2-4 layered sheet pf peritoneum - attaches the stomach to other viscera **Always associated with the STOMACH
31
How many layers does THE mesentery have?
4 - mesentary = 2 layers - Omentum = 2 layers
32
What does THE mesentery attach?
the "free" small intestine to the Posterior Body wall
33
What 2 organs lie in THE mesentery?
Jejunum & ilieum
34
What is the mesentery of the Transverse colon?
Transverse mesocolon
35
What does the Transverse Mesocolon hold?
transverse colon to the posterior body wall
36
What does the Transverse Mesocolon fuse with?
the posterior layer of the Greater Omentum
37
What is the mesentery of the Sigmoid Colon?
Sigmoid mesocolon
38
What does the Sigmoid Mesocolon hold?
sigmoid colon to the posterior body wall
39
What is the mesentery of the appendix?
Mesoappendix
40
Which mesenteries are usually lost during development?
- duodenum - ascending colon - descending colon - cecum **No longer suspended = secondarily retroperitoneal
41
What are peritoneal ligaments?
- subdivisions of larger structures - usually transmit nerves and vessels - usually lack CT
42
What are the 2 peritoneal ligaments?
- Gastrosplenic ligament | - Splenorenal (lienorenal) ligament
43
What does the Lesser Omentum develop from?
Ventral Mesogastrium (mesentery)
44
What are the 2 subdivisions of the Lesser Omentum?
- Heptogastric ligament (stomach >> liver) | - Hemptoduodenal ligament (liver >> duodenum)
45
What is the Epiploic Foramen?
Free edge of the Lesser Omentum that you can put your fingers through
46
What does the Greater Omentum develop from?
Dorsal Mesogastrium
47
What are the 3 subdivisions of the Greater Omentum?
- Gastrocolic ligament (stomach >> transverse colon) - Gastrophrenic ligament (stomach >> diaphragm) - Gastrosplenic ligament (stomach >> spleen)
48
What is the Gastrophrenic ligament continuous with?
phrenicosplenic ligament
49
What are the 4 peritoneal ligaments associated with the liver?
- coronary ligaments - right/left triangular ligaments - falciform ligament - ligamentum teres hepatis
50
What peritoneal ligament would have transmitted embryological vascular structures, but is now filled with tissue?
Ligamentum teres hepatis
51
What is a peritoneal fold?
ridge or elevation in the peritoneum produces by underlying vessels
52
What are depressions between peritoneal folds?
Fossae/Recesses
53
What are the 4 peritoneal Folds/Fossa/Recesses?
- Superior duodenal fold & fossa - Paraduodenal foss - Inferior duodenal fold & fossa - Retroduodenal fossa
54
What are the peritoneal folds formed by?
Inferior mesenteric vein posterior to the peritoneum
55
What do the structures coursing through the Extraperitoneal tissue form?
Peritoneal (umbilical) folds
56
What are Peritoneal (umbilical) folds?
elevations on the interior abdominal wall
57
Where is the Median Umbilical fold?
midline from the bladder **Urachus
58
What does the Urachus do?
anchors the bladder to the anterior abdominal wall
59
Where is the supravesical fossa located?
above the bladder against the abdominal wall
60
What are the 3 peritoneal hernial sites?
- Lateral inguinal fossa (deep inguinal ring) - Medial inguinal fossa (Hesselbach's triangle) - Femoral ring
61
Which 2 umbilical folds once transmitted vessels that went into fetal circulation?
- Medial | - Lateral
62
What are the 3 folds of the internal aspect of the abdominal wall?
- Median umbilical fold - Medial umbilical folds (2) - Lateral umbilical folds (2)
63
What makes up the Medial Umbilical folds?
- Medial umbilical ligaments | - Obliterated umbilical aa.
64
What makes up the Lateral umbilical folds?
- inferior epigastric vessels | - functional aa. & vv.
65
What are the Supraumbilical structures located on the internal aspect of the anterior abdominal wall?
- Falciform ligament - Curved remnant of Ventral Mesogastrium - Ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament of the liver) - Obliterated umbilical vein
66
What are the 3 peritoneal fossae?
- Supravesical fossa - Medial inguinal fossa - Lateral inguinal fossa
67
Where is the Supravesical fossa located?
between: - Median umbilical fold - Medial umbilical folds
68
What kind of hernias are located at the Supravesical fossa?
Supravesical hernias **RARE
69
Where is the Medial Inguinal fossa located?
Between: - Medial umbilical fold - Lateral umbilical fold
70
What kind of hernias are located at the Medial Inguinal fossa?
DIRECT inguinal hernias
71
What is another name for Medial Inguinal fossa?
Inguinal triangle
72
Where is the Lateral Inguinal fossa located?
Lateral to the Lateral umbilical folds
73
What kind of hernias are located at the Lateral Inguinal fossa?
INDIRECT inguinal hernias
74
What is the Greater Sac of the peritoneal cavity?
most of the potential space within the abdomen
75
What are the subdivisions of the Greater Sac of the peritoneal cavity?
- Supramesocolic/Supracolic region - Inframesocolic/Infracoloic region **divided by Colon and Transverse Mesocolon
76
Where is the Supramesocolic region of the Greater Sac of the peritoneal cavity located?
Superior & Anterior to the liver and stomach
77
What does the Supramesocolic region include?
Anterior wall: - Hepatorenal spaces/fossa - Subphrenic spaces/fossa
78
What is the peritoneal cavity?
a closed potential space between Parietal and Visceral peritoneum
79
What are the 3 recesses of the peritoneal cavity?
- Subphrenic recess - Subhepatic/Hepatorenal recess - Rectovesical/Rectouterine recess
80
Why are the 3 recesses of the peritoneal cavity clinically important?
abscesses may develop and excess fluid will pool here (ascites)
81
Where is the Inframesocolic region of the Greater Sac of the peritoneal cavity located?
Inferior and Posterior part of the Greater Sac
82
What is the Inframesocolic region subdivided by?
- Mesenteries | - Ligaments
83
Where are the Right and Left Paracolic gutters of the Inframesocolic located?
Lateral to the ascending and descending colon
84
What divides the upper and lower parts of the Inframesocolic region into the Right and Left infracolic spaces?
THE mesentery
85
Why are the Right and Left Infracolic spaces clinically important?
Intraperitoneal infections can spread here - APPY - Stab wound to abd.
86
What ligament limits the spread of fluid superior to the Inframesocolic region?
Phrenicocolic ligament
87
What is another name for the Lesser Sac of the Peritoneal Cavity?
Omental Bursa
88
What does the Lesser Sac of the Peritoneal Cavity develop as part of?
Greater Sac
89
Where is the Lesser Sac located?
Posterior and Inferior to the stomach
90
What are the 3 recesses of the Lesser Sac?
- Superior recess - Inferior recess - Splenic recess
91
Where is the Superior recess of the Lesser sac located?
posterior to the liver
92
Where is the Inferior recess of the Lesser sac located?
potential space between the 2 layers of the gastrocolic ligament
93
Where is the Splenic recess of the Lesser sac located?
Posterior and to the Left of the stomach
94
Why are the recesses of the Lesser sac clinically important?
Have a relationship to: - Liver - Pancreas - Stomach - Spleen
95
What is the Epiploic Foramen?
opening between the lesser and greater sacs **allows communication between sacs
96
What is anterior to the Epiploic Foramen?
- hepatoduodenal ligament with the portal vein - hepatic artery - bile duct
97
What is posterior to the Epiploic Foramen?
- IVC | - Diaphragm
98
What is superior to the Epiploic Foramen?
- liver | - caudate lobe
99
What is inferior to the Epiploic Foramen?
1st part of duodenum

ANATOMY II Exam #1- Lo (7 decks)

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