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ANATOMY II Exam #1- Lo > 01-27: Peritoneum > Flashcards

01-27: Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 derivatives of the peritoneum?

A
  • Foregut (celiac trunk)
  • Midgut (superior mesenteric a.)
  • Hindgut (inferior mesenteric a.)
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2
Q

What structures are in the Foregut?

A
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • duodenum
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • spleen
  • pancreas
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3
Q

What structures are in the Midgut?

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
  • cecum
  • appendix
  • ascending colon
  • 2/3 of transverse colon
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4
Q

What structures are in the Hindgut?

A
  • 1/3 transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
  • rectum
  • anal canal
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5
Q

What kind of membrane is the peritoneum?

A

a serous membrane

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6
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the peritoneum?

A
  • parietal peritoneum
  • (peritoneal cavity)
  • visceral peritoneum
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7
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

the body wall

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8
Q

What kind of fibers are abundant in the parietal peritoneum?

A

pain fibers via nerves from the body wall

**Somatosensory innervation

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9
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

A

viscera

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10
Q

What kind of fibers are abundant in the visceral peritoneum?

A

LACKS PAIN FIBERS

**Autonomics/Parasympathetic

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11
Q

Where is the abdominal cavity relative to the diaphragm?

A

BELOW the diaphragm

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12
Q

What is the mesentery?

A
  • 2 layers of visceral peritoneum
  • Part of peritoneal lining that is between organs
  • Suspends organs from the body wall
  • Transmit a lot of autonomics
  • Pain signals
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13
Q

What are the 2 general relations of viscera to the peritoneum?

A
  • intraperitoneal organs

- Extraperitoneal organs

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14
Q

What are the intraperitoneal organs covered on most sides by?

A

visceral peritoneum

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15
Q

What are the intraperitoneal organs suspend from the body wall by?

A

mesentery

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16
Q

Where do the Extraperitoneal retroperitoneal organs lie?

A

deep to the parietal peritoneum

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17
Q

What are the Extraperitoneal retroperitoneal organs covered by?

A

parietal peritoneum on one side of the body (often the posterior wall)

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18
Q

what organs do NOT have visceral peritoneal linings?

A

retroperitoneal

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19
Q

What are the 2 cavities of Intraperitoneal organs?

A
  • Abdominal peritoneal cavity

- Pelvic peritoneal cavity

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20
Q

What organs lie in the Abdominal Peritoneal Cavity?

A
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • speen
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • cecum & appendix
  • transverse & sigmoid column
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21
Q

What organs lie in the Pelvic Peritoneal Cavity?

A
  • uterine tubes
  • ovaries
  • uterus
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22
Q

What are the 2 types of Retroperitoneal organs?

A
  • primarily retroperitoneal

- secondarily retroperitoneal

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23
Q

What is the different between primarily and secondarily retroperitoneal organs?

A

Primarily = never had peritoneal lining

Secondarily = had peritoneal lining at one time

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24
Q

Which organs are primarily retroperitoneal?

A
  • aorta
  • IVC
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • adrenals
  • gonads
  • suprarenal glands
  • uterine cervix
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25
Q

Which organs are secondarily retroperitoneal?

A
  • duodenum
  • pancreas
  • ascending colon
  • descending colon
  • uterine bladder
  • distal ureters
  • prostate
  • seminal vesicle
  • uterine cervix
  • vagina
  • rectum (lower 1/3)
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26
Q

Which nerves supply the peritoneum?

A

nerves from the adjacent body wall

**Supply pain & vasomotor fibers

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27
Q

What are peritoneal reflections?

A
  • parts of peritoneal linings that are not against the body wall or an organ
  • Hang out between structures in the abdomen
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28
Q

What are the 3 main types of peritoneal reflections?

A
  • mesentaries
  • ligaments and folds
  • omentum
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29
Q

What does the Falciform ligament do?

A
  • anchors

- does NOT transmit anything

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30
Q

What is the Omentum (epiploon)?

A
  • broad
  • 2-4 layered sheet pf peritoneum
  • attaches the stomach to other viscera

**Always associated with the STOMACH

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31
Q

How many layers does THE mesentery have?

A

4

  • mesentary = 2 layers
  • Omentum = 2 layers
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32
Q

What does THE mesentery attach?

A

the “free” small intestine to the Posterior Body wall

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33
Q

What 2 organs lie in THE mesentery?

A

Jejunum & ilieum

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34
Q

What is the mesentery of the Transverse colon?

A

Transverse mesocolon

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35
Q

What does the Transverse Mesocolon hold?

A

transverse colon to the posterior body wall

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36
Q

What does the Transverse Mesocolon fuse with?

A

the posterior layer of the Greater Omentum

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37
Q

What is the mesentery of the Sigmoid Colon?

A

Sigmoid mesocolon

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38
Q

What does the Sigmoid Mesocolon hold?

A

sigmoid colon to the posterior body wall

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39
Q

What is the mesentery of the appendix?

A

Mesoappendix

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40
Q

Which mesenteries are usually lost during development?

A
  • duodenum
  • ascending colon
  • descending colon
  • cecum

**No longer suspended = secondarily retroperitoneal

41
Q

What are peritoneal ligaments?

A
  • subdivisions of larger structures
  • usually transmit nerves and vessels
  • usually lack CT
42
Q

What are the 2 peritoneal ligaments?

A
  • Gastrosplenic ligament

- Splenorenal (lienorenal) ligament

43
Q

What does the Lesser Omentum develop from?

A

Ventral Mesogastrium (mesentery)

44
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the Lesser Omentum?

A
  • Heptogastric ligament (stomach&raquo_space; liver)

- Hemptoduodenal ligament (liver&raquo_space; duodenum)

45
Q

What is the Epiploic Foramen?

A

Free edge of the Lesser Omentum that you can put your fingers through

46
Q

What does the Greater Omentum develop from?

A

Dorsal Mesogastrium

47
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of the Greater Omentum?

A
  • Gastrocolic ligament (stomach&raquo_space; transverse colon)
  • Gastrophrenic ligament (stomach&raquo_space; diaphragm)
  • Gastrosplenic ligament (stomach&raquo_space; spleen)
48
Q

What is the Gastrophrenic ligament continuous with?

A

phrenicosplenic ligament

49
Q

What are the 4 peritoneal ligaments associated with the liver?

A
  • coronary ligaments
  • right/left triangular ligaments
  • falciform ligament
  • ligamentum teres hepatis
50
Q

What peritoneal ligament would have transmitted embryological vascular structures, but is now filled with tissue?

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis

51
Q

What is a peritoneal fold?

A

ridge or elevation in the peritoneum produces by underlying vessels

52
Q

What are depressions between peritoneal folds?

A

Fossae/Recesses

53
Q

What are the 4 peritoneal Folds/Fossa/Recesses?

A
  • Superior duodenal fold & fossa
  • Paraduodenal foss
  • Inferior duodenal fold & fossa
  • Retroduodenal fossa
54
Q

What are the peritoneal folds formed by?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein posterior to the peritoneum

55
Q

What do the structures coursing through the Extraperitoneal tissue form?

A

Peritoneal (umbilical) folds

56
Q

What are Peritoneal (umbilical) folds?

A

elevations on the interior abdominal wall

57
Q

Where is the Median Umbilical fold?

A

midline from the bladder

**Urachus

58
Q

What does the Urachus do?

A

anchors the bladder to the anterior abdominal wall

59
Q

Where is the supravesical fossa located?

A

above the bladder against the abdominal wall

60
Q

What are the 3 peritoneal hernial sites?

A
  • Lateral inguinal fossa (deep inguinal ring)
  • Medial inguinal fossa (Hesselbach’s triangle)
  • Femoral ring
61
Q

Which 2 umbilical folds once transmitted vessels that went into fetal circulation?

A
  • Medial

- Lateral

62
Q

What are the 3 folds of the internal aspect of the abdominal wall?

A
  • Median umbilical fold
  • Medial umbilical folds (2)
  • Lateral umbilical folds (2)
63
Q

What makes up the Medial Umbilical folds?

A
  • Medial umbilical ligaments

- Obliterated umbilical aa.

64
Q

What makes up the Lateral umbilical folds?

A
  • inferior epigastric vessels

- functional aa. & vv.

65
Q

What are the Supraumbilical structures located on the internal aspect of the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  • Falciform ligament
  • Curved remnant of Ventral Mesogastrium
  • Ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament of the liver)
  • Obliterated umbilical vein
66
Q

What are the 3 peritoneal fossae?

A
  • Supravesical fossa
  • Medial inguinal fossa
  • Lateral inguinal fossa
67
Q

Where is the Supravesical fossa located?

A

between:

  • Median umbilical fold
  • Medial umbilical folds
68
Q

What kind of hernias are located at the Supravesical fossa?

A

Supravesical hernias

**RARE

69
Q

Where is the Medial Inguinal fossa located?

A

Between:

  • Medial umbilical fold
  • Lateral umbilical fold
70
Q

What kind of hernias are located at the Medial Inguinal fossa?

A

DIRECT inguinal hernias

71
Q

What is another name for Medial Inguinal fossa?

A

Inguinal triangle

72
Q

Where is the Lateral Inguinal fossa located?

A

Lateral to the Lateral umbilical folds

73
Q

What kind of hernias are located at the Lateral Inguinal fossa?

A

INDIRECT inguinal hernias

74
Q

What is the Greater Sac of the peritoneal cavity?

A

most of the potential space within the abdomen

75
Q

What are the subdivisions of the Greater Sac of the peritoneal cavity?

A
  • Supramesocolic/Supracolic region
  • Inframesocolic/Infracoloic region

**divided by Colon and Transverse Mesocolon

76
Q

Where is the Supramesocolic region of the Greater Sac of the peritoneal cavity located?

A

Superior & Anterior to the liver and stomach

77
Q

What does the Supramesocolic region include?

A

Anterior wall:

  • Hepatorenal spaces/fossa
  • Subphrenic spaces/fossa
78
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

a closed potential space between Parietal and Visceral peritoneum

79
Q

What are the 3 recesses of the peritoneal cavity?

A
  • Subphrenic recess
  • Subhepatic/Hepatorenal recess
  • Rectovesical/Rectouterine recess
80
Q

Why are the 3 recesses of the peritoneal cavity clinically important?

A

abscesses may develop and excess fluid will pool here (ascites)

81
Q

Where is the Inframesocolic region of the Greater Sac of the peritoneal cavity located?

A

Inferior and Posterior part of the Greater Sac

82
Q

What is the Inframesocolic region subdivided by?

A
  • Mesenteries

- Ligaments

83
Q

Where are the Right and Left Paracolic gutters of the Inframesocolic located?

A

Lateral to the ascending and descending colon

84
Q

What divides the upper and lower parts of the Inframesocolic region into the Right and Left infracolic spaces?

A

THE mesentery

85
Q

Why are the Right and Left Infracolic spaces clinically important?

A

Intraperitoneal infections can spread here

  • APPY
  • Stab wound to abd.
86
Q

What ligament limits the spread of fluid superior to the Inframesocolic region?

A

Phrenicocolic ligament

87
Q

What is another name for the Lesser Sac of the Peritoneal Cavity?

A

Omental Bursa

88
Q

What does the Lesser Sac of the Peritoneal Cavity develop as part of?

A

Greater Sac

89
Q

Where is the Lesser Sac located?

A

Posterior and Inferior to the stomach

90
Q

What are the 3 recesses of the Lesser Sac?

A
  • Superior recess
  • Inferior recess
  • Splenic recess
91
Q

Where is the Superior recess of the Lesser sac located?

A

posterior to the liver

92
Q

Where is the Inferior recess of the Lesser sac located?

A

potential space between the 2 layers of the gastrocolic ligament

93
Q

Where is the Splenic recess of the Lesser sac located?

A

Posterior and to the Left of the stomach

94
Q

Why are the recesses of the Lesser sac clinically important?

A

Have a relationship to:

  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Stomach
  • Spleen
95
Q

What is the Epiploic Foramen?

A

opening between the lesser and greater sacs

**allows communication between sacs

96
Q

What is anterior to the Epiploic Foramen?

A
  • hepatoduodenal ligament with the portal vein
  • hepatic artery
  • bile duct
97
Q

What is posterior to the Epiploic Foramen?

A
  • IVC

- Diaphragm

98
Q

What is superior to the Epiploic Foramen?

A
  • liver

- caudate lobe

99
Q

What is inferior to the Epiploic Foramen?

A

1st part of duodenum

ANATOMY II Exam #1- Lo (7 decks)

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