005

Question 1

In transcription, information in _______ is used to make _______. Transcription is carried out by _______.

Answer 1

DNA, RNA, RNA polymerase

Question 2

In translation, information in _______ is used to make a _______. Translation is carried out by the _______.

Answer 2

RNA, polypeptide protein, ribosome

Question 3

The sequences in the genetic code table correspond to _______ in the mRNA.

Answer 3

Codons

Question 4

UUU in the mRNA encodes _______.

Answer 4

Phe

Question 5

Start codon: _______

Answer 5

AUG

Question 6

Stop codons: _______

Answer 6

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 7

Steps to translate an mRNA sequence:
1.

Answer 7

Start at the 5’ end and read towards the 3’ end

Question 8

Steps to translate an mRNA sequence:
2.

Answer 8

Start translating at the start codon (AUG)

Question 9

Steps to translate an mRNA sequence:
3.

Answer 9

Look up 3-letter codons in the codon table - this gives the amino acids that correspond to each codon

Question 10

Steps to translate an mRNA sequence:
4.

Answer 10

Translate, reading each three-letter codon, until the stop codon is reached

Question 11

mRNA molecular class:

Answer 11

Nucleic acid (RNA)

Question 12

tRNA molecular class:

Answer 12

Nucleic acid (RNA)

Question 13

Ribosome molecular class:

Answer 13

Nucleic acid (RNA) + protein

Question 14

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase molecular class:

Answer 14

Protein

Question 15

Release factor molecular class:

Answer 15

Protein

Question 16

Polypeptide molecular class:

Answer 16

Protein

Question 17

In the ribosome, tRNA molecules interact with _______ (type of molecule) using _______ (type of intermolecular force).

Answer 17

mRNA codons, hydrogen bond interactions

Question 18

If a tRNA molecule has the sequence 3’-GUU-5’, the mRNA codon this tRNA could bind to is _______ and the amino acid the tRNA would carry is _______ because _______.

Answer 18

5’-CAA-3’, Gln, in the genetic code table
5’-CAA-3’ corresponds to Gln

Question 19

Only a charged tRNA / uncharged tRNA
can be used in translation.

Answer 19

Charged tRNA

Question 20

What does it mean for a tRNA to be charged?

Answer 20

A charged tRNA has an amino acid covalently bonded to its 3’ end

Question 21

What enzyme carries out tRNA charging?

Answer 21

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Question 22

Where in the cell does translation occur?
1. In eukaryotes:
2. In prokaryotes (bacteria):

Answer 22

Cytosol (both)