입자 - Particles

Question 1

~에

Answer 1

At/to/in

Indicates location, time, or direction to.

Ex: 학교에 가요. (I go to school.)

Attached to the end of a noun. Describes where something is/exists, or a direction you’re going toward. I.e. the location, time, situation, etc of something

Question 2

~에서

Answer 2

At/in/from

Indicates location where action occurs.

Ex: 집에서 공부해요. (I study at home.)

Attached to the end of a noun. Describes doing something (action) at a particular location. Where something comes/came from

Question 3

~noun + 에게 or 한테

Answer 3

Indicates the receiver of something (to someone).
Ex: 친구에게 선물 줬어요. (Gave a gift to a friend.)

Used at the end to mean an action done “to” something or someone

Question 4

기 때문에

Answer 4

Because of

Note: Attached to verbs/adjectives

When the cause/reason is an action or state, you use verb/adjective stem + 기 때문에.

Question 5

~때문에

Answer 5

Because of

Note:
Attached to nouns

When the reason is just a thing or concept, not an action, you attach 때문에 directly to the noun.

Question 6

이/가

Answer 6

Subject marker — marks who/what is doing the action.
Ex: 친구가 왔어요. (A friend came.)

Question 7

~께서

Answer 7

Honorific subject marker.
Ex: 선생님께서 말씀하셨어요. (The teacher spoke.)

Question 8

은 / 는

Answer 8

Topic marker — introduces or contrasts the topic.
Ex: 저는 학생이에요. (As for me, I’m a student.)

Question 9

을 / 를

Answer 9

Object marker — marks what is being acted upon.
Ex: 밥을 먹어요. (I eat rice.)

Question 10

의

Answer 10

Possession marker — equivalent to “‘s” in English.
Ex: 친구의 책 (Friend’s book)

Question 11

~께

Answer 11

Honorific form of 에게.
Ex: 선생님께 드렸어요. (Gave to the teacher.)

Question 12

~(으)로

Answer 12

Indicates direction, tool, method, reason’ with.
Ex: 버스로 갔어요. (Went by bus.)

Question 13

~도

Answer 13

Also, too.
Ex: 저도 가고 싶어요. (I also want to go.)

Question 14

~만

Answer 14

Only.
Ex: 저만 먹었어요. (Only I ate.)

Question 15

~밖에

Answer 15

Nothing but / only — used with negative verbs.
Ex: 돈밖에 없어요. (I only have money.)

Question 16

~라고

Answer 16

Used at the end of a noun to state that something is called this.

Ex: It’s called America

Quoting speech or names.
Ex: “안녕”이라고 말했어요. (Said ‘hello’)

Question 17

~고 (in ~다고/라고 하다)

Answer 17

Quoting verbs or sentences.
Ex: 간다고 했어요. (Said they would go.)

Question 18

~하고

Answer 18

And (used between nouns).
Ex: 엄마하고 아빠 (Mom and Dad)

1.하고 - Most commonly used in everyday speech. Can also mean “with” (as in “together with”)

Question 19

~랑 / 이랑

Answer 19

And (casual form of 하고).
Ex: 친구랑 갔어요. (Went with a friend.)

Question 20

~(이)나

Answer 20

Or / as many as / even
Ex: 커피나 차 (Coffee or tea)

Question 21

~ 와 / 과

Answer 21

More formal or written language. Used in writing, speeches, news, presentations

와 is used after a vowel, 과 after a consonant

Question 22

~마다

Answer 22

Put at the end to state every time or each.