解表劑 Flashcards

1
Q

桂枝湯中具有調和營衛作用的“藥對”是

A

桂枝、白芍

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2
Q

銀翹散的君藥是?作用?

A

金銀花、連翹—清熱解毒,芳香辟穢,輕散透表,除上焦邪

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3
Q

麻杏甘石湯中麻黃配石膏的作用是

A

以寒制溫,清泄肺熱,宣肺平喘

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4
Q

小青龍湯中麻黃配桂枝的作用是

A

相須,發汗散寒解表力強

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5
Q

麻黃湯中麻黃配杏仁的作用是

A

宣降肺氣,增強平喘之力

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6
Q

敗毒散中配伍人參的意義是什麼

A

益氣扶正以驅邪外出;散中有補,不致耗傷真元。

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7
Q

麻黃湯、小青龍湯、麻杏甘石湯皆治咳喘之證,臨證如何區別應用?

A

麻黃湯:惡寒發熱,無汗而喘,脈浮緊
小青龍湯:惡寒發熱,無汗,咳喘痰多清稀,苔白滑
麻黃杏仁甘草石膏湯:喘咳氣逆,發熱,口渴,脈浮數

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8
Q

桂枝湯的功效、主治證病機及配伍意義

A

主治:外感風寒表虛證(太陽病中風)
辯證要點:發熱頭痛,汗出惡風,脈浮緩
病機:風寒客表,營衛不和
治法:解肌發表,調和營衛

方解:
君:桂枝—散寒解肌發表,溫助衛陽;
臣:白芍—滋養營陰,收斂陰液;
佐:生薑—辛散風寒,助君解表調衛;溫胃止嘔;
大棗—補益脾胃,助白芍和營血;
使:炙甘草—調藥;

*桂+芍—調和營衛,解肌發表,散中有收,祛邪不傷正,養陰不留邪;
桂+草—辛甘化陽,助陽實衛;
芍+草—酸甘化陰,加強斂陰和營。

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9
Q

小青龍湯組成藥物中無

A

生姜

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10
Q

銀翹散與桑菊飲組成中所共有的藥物是

A

連翹、桔梗

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11
Q

九味羌活湯組成藥物中無

A

黃連

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12
Q

敗毒散組成藥物中無

A

甘草

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13
Q

虛人外感風寒,痰濕阻滯之證,治宜選方

A

參蘇飲

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14
Q

患者發熱,微惡風寒,頭痛口渴,咽痛,咳嗽,舌尖紅苔薄微黃,脈浮數,治宜選方

A

銀翹散

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15
Q

患者咳嗽,身熱不甚,口微渴,脈浮數,治宜選方

A

桑菊飲

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16
Q

桑菊飲的功效是

A

疏風清熱,宣肺止咳

17
Q

九味羌活湯的功效是

A

發汗祛濕,兼清裡熱

18
Q

小青龍湯中應用五味子的作用是

A

斂肺止咳

19
Q

敗毒散中柴胡和薄荷的作用

A

宣透表邪以解熱,疏泄氣機以驅邪