名詞解釋 Flashcards

1
Q

*方劑學

A

是研究治法與方劑組方原理、配伍规律(特點)及其临證运用的一门学科

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2
Q

*涼燥

A

是因深秋感受风寒燥邪,津液不布而致,属小寒,次寒,临证一头痛恶寒,咳嗽痰稀,鼻塞咽干,舌苔薄白为主,治疗以苦温甘辛法,——杏苏散

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3
Q

*八法

A

出自清代程钟龄的《医学心悟》汗、和、下、吐、温、清、消、补

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4
Q

*滋水涵木

A

滋肾养肝,指用滋肾阴,补肾水以达到养肝阴的方法。常用于治肾阴亏虚,肝木偏旺的病证。杞菊地黄丸治疗肝肾阴虚之眼睛昏花,干涩等证。

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5
Q

*辛開苦降

A

当寒热互结,肠胃不和而见心下痞满,呕吐下利时,用辛味药之辛散以开通心下之痞结,配以苦味药之苦降,苦寒以清降泄热,降泄胃气以止呕,两者合用,平调寒热,开结降泄以治心下痞证——半夏泻心汤,枳实消痞丸

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6
Q

*調和營衛

A

是纠正营卫不和,解除风邪的一种治法。——桂枝汤(桂枝+芍药)

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7
Q

*熱結旁流

A

肠中实热结积较重,机体为排除邪气,逼迫粪水从旁而下,其虽有下痢,但下之乃臭秽粪水,且泻后腕腹的胀满痛不减,是为“热结旁流”也。–大承气汤

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8
Q

*佐藥

A

a、佐助药—直接治疗次要证候的药物,协助君、臣加强治疗作用的药物。
b、佐制药—制君、臣的烈、毒性的药物。
c、反佐药—指在重病邪盛时,根据“甚者从之”的治则。用于消除或避免产生格拒现象(饮药即吐)而配伍的药物。(治寒以热而佐以寒,治热以寒而佐以热)

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9
Q

*使藥

A

a、调和药性的药物

b、引经报使药:指能引导方中诸药有选择性地作用于某一经脉、脏腑、病位的药物。

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10
Q

*補火生土

A

指温壮,补益命门之火,以温养脾土的治法,用以治疗命门火衰,不能上暖脾土,脾失健运之五更泄泻,不思饮食,食不消化之证——四神丸

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11
Q

*方劑

A

是中医在辨证审因,确定治法的基础上,按照组方原则,选择适当的药物配伍组合,并酌定剂量、确定适宜的剂型及用量而成的处方,是为方剂。

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12
Q

*制性存用

A

方剂中通过药物的配伍,使某一药物的药性被其他的药物所制约,但又发挥其应有的功效,起到相反相成的作用 例如银翘散—荆芥,麦门冬汤—半夏

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13
Q

*梅核氣

A

是一种病名。每见咽中如有物阻,咯吐不出。吞咽不下,胸膈满闷等。每因情志不畅,肝气郁结,肺胃失于宣降,聚津成痰,痰气交阻,结于咽喉而致。—-半夏厚朴汤

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14
Q

*甘溫除熱

A

补中益气汤中,诸药合用,既补益中焦脾胃之气,又升提下陷之气,且全方皆为甘温之药而能治气虚发热证,即所谓“甘温除大热”之法也。

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15
Q

*通因通用

A

大承气汤)反治法之一,是以通治通,即用通利药治疗具有实性通泄症状的病症,适用于食积腹痛,泻下不畅及膀胱湿热所致尿急,尿频,尿痛病症之类。如大承气汤中大黄苦寒泄热,祛瘀通便,消除治病之因。厚朴下气,除满消胀,枳实苦辛破结,导滞消痞,共助大黄芒硝攻下热结。

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16
Q

*透熱轉氣

A

清营汤治疗温邪初入营份,用银花、连翘清热解毒,轻清透泻,使营份热邪透出气分而解,此即叶氏“入营犹可透热转气”之具体应用。

17
Q

*涼開

A

即清热开窍。指用清热药配伍开窍药以清热解毒,开窍醒神,用治温热之邪内陷心包的热闭证的一种治法。—-温病“三宝” (安宫牛黄丸、紫雪丹 、至宝丹)

18
Q

*治風劑

A

以疏散外風或平息內風等作用為主,用治風病的方劑

19
Q

培土生金(虚则补其母)

A

即补脾益肺,指用补脾土的方法,使脾气健运,能正常地生化水谷精气,上养于肺,以治疗肺脏亏虚病症的一种治法。——参苓白术散 六君子汤 麦门冬汤

20
Q

脾约

A

胃中燥热(胃强),脾津不足(脾弱),脾被热邪所脾不能为胃行其津液,因而津液不能输布,肠道失以津液濡润,故大便干结,但术膀胱,故小便数—-麻子仁丸