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解剖生理學 > 解剖 血管 > Flashcards

解剖 血管 Flashcards

1
Q

血管壁有3層膜，哪3層?

A
  • 內膜
  • 中膜
  • 外膜

P.660

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2
Q

內膜含有

A

內皮(endothelium)

P.660

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3
Q

內皮細胞的組織和功能是

A
  • 組織:單層鱗狀上皮
  • 功能:減少血液的摩擦力

P.660

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4
Q

當血管收縮時，血管壁的哪一層膜的直徑變小?

A

中膜(middle tunic)

P.660

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5
Q

中膜的組織和功能

A
  • 組織:環狀排列的平滑肌纖維
  • 功能:血管收縮和舒張的地方

P.660

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6
Q

中膜的舒張和收縮由誰來調控?

A

交感神經的血管運動神經纖維

P.660

血管運動神經纖維(vasomotor fiber)

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7
Q

彈性動脈有哪3個?

A
  • 主動脈
  • 胸主動脈
  • 腹主動脈

P.662

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8
Q

心臟附近最大動脈是

A

彈性動脈(elastic arteries)

P.662

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9
Q

彈性蛋白在那些血管比較多? 2

A
  • 彈性動脈
  • 血管壁的中膜

P.662

彈性蛋白讓血管有彈性

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9
Q

肌肉動脈

四肢上有哪些? 4

A
  • 股動脈
  • 脛動脈
  • 橈動脈
  • 尺動脈

P.662

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10
Q

肌肉動脈

內臟 3

A
  • 肝動脈
  • 腎動脈
  • 腸繫膜動脈

P.662

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11
Q

肌肉動脈位於

A

彈性動脈的遠端

P.662

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12
Q

運輸血液到群、個別器官是什麼動脈?

A

肌肉動脈

P.662

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13
Q

小動脈(arterioles)的直徑是

A

0.3~10 nanometer

P.663

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14
Q

微血管的組織

A

一層內皮細胞所組成

P.663

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15
Q

竇狀微血管(sinusoid capillaries)另名稱叫做

A

非連續性微血管(discontinuous capillaries)

P.663

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16
Q

連續性細胞有一種細胞讓小分子可以進出微血管，叫做

A

細胞間裂隙(intercellular clefts)

P.663

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17
Q

左/右肺動脈到肺臟分支成

A

葉動脈(lobar artery)

P.669

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18
Q

右肺和左肺各有幾條葉動脈?

A
  • 左:2
  • 右:3

P.669

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19
Q

提供心臟壁的主動脈是

A

升主動脈的
* 右冠狀動脈
* 左冠狀動脈

P.670

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20
Q

主動脈弓的3條分支向上走

第一條是

A

頭臂[動脈]幹(brachiocephalic trunk)

P.670

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20
Q

主動脈弓的3條分支向上走

第二條是

A

左總頸動脈(right subclavian artery)

P.670

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21
Q

主動脈弓的3條分支向上走

第三條是

A

左鎖骨下動脈(left subclavian artery)

P.670

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22
Q

頭臂[動脈]幹分支為

A
  • 右總頸動脈(right common carotid artery)
  • 右鎖骨下動脈(right subclavian artery)
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23
Q

主動脈弓的3條分支供應到哪裡?4

A
  • 頭部
  • 頸部
  • 上肢
  • 胸壁的上部

P.670

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24
Q

降主動脈(descending artoa)有分2個部分

A
  • 胸主動脈 (thoracic aorta)
  • 腹主動脈(abdominal aorta)

P.670

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25
Q

胸主動脈從什麼脊椎延到?

胸主動脈(thoracic aorta)

A

T5~T12

P.670

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26
Q

腹主動脈從什麼脊椎到?

A

T12~L4

P.670

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27
Q

血液通過哪2條動脈來提供額葉和頂葉的內和上表面血液循環?

A

從大腦前動脈->前交通動脈

P.674

大腦前動脈(anterior cerebral artery)
前交通動脈(anterior communicating artery)

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28
Q

血液通過條動脈來提供顳葉和頂葉的外側表面血液循環?

A

大腦中動脈(middle cerebral artery)

P.670

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29
Q

鎖骨下動脈(subclavian arteries)

右鎖骨下動脈(right subclavian artery)源自於

A

頭臂[動脈]幹

P.674

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30
Q

鎖骨下動脈(subclavian arteries)

左鎖骨下動脈(left subclavian artery)源自於

A

主動脈弓發出的第3管分支

P.674

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31
Q

椎動脈(vertebral arteries)提供血液到哪裡?

椎動脈有分左右

A

腦部後方

P.674

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32
Q

在顱腔當中，右和左椎動脈結合形成…

A

基底動脈(basilar artery)

P.674

基底動脈延著腦幹的腹面中線上行，發出分支到小腦、橋腦、內耳。

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33
Q

基底動脈(basilar artery)分成一對

A

大腦後動脈(posterior cereblar artery)

P.674

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34
Q

大腦後動脈(posterior cerebral artery)來共應哪部位的血液? 2

A
  • 枕葉
  • 顳葉(下部和內部)

P.674

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35
Q

誰將大腦後動脈接到前面的大腦中動脈?

A

後交通動脈(posterior communicating artery)

P.674

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36
Q

一條前和兩條後交通動脈形成

A

大腦動脈環(cerebral arterial circle)/威利斯氏環(circle of willis)

P.674

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37
Q

威力斯氏環(circle of willis)合併哪2條動脈?

威力斯氏環(circle of willis)也叫做大腦動脈環

A
  • 頸內動脈
  • 椎動脈
    的腦部前和後面

P.674

38
Q

甲狀頸[動脈]幹 (thyrocervical trunk) 有2條分之，各運輸血液到哪裡?

A
  • 肩胛肌
  • 甲狀腺下動脈(inferior thyroid artery)

P.674

39
Q

肋頸[動脈]幹(costocervical trunk) 發出一條往上的分支進入…

A

頸部的深層肌肉

P.674

40
Q

前胸壁從哪裡接受到血液?

A

胸內動脈(internal thoracic artery)

P.674

41
Q

後胸壁從哪裡接受血液?

A

後肋間動脈(posterior intercostal arteries)

P.675

42
Q

什麼動脈在鎖骨下方提供胸肌和三角肌?

A

腋動脈(axillary artery)

P.676

43
Q

胸肩峰動脈分之道乳房的…

A

胸外側動脈(lateral thoracic artery)

P.676

44
Q

側量血壓時在哪一條動脈?

A

肱動脈(brachial artery)

P.676

45
Q

肱動脈(brachial artery)在…

A

二頭肌內側溝的二頭肌深層

P.676

46
Q

橈動脈沿著肱橈肌內緣下行，提供血液到?4

A
  • 前臂外前側的肌肉
  • 手腕的外側
  • 拇指
  • 食指

P.676

47
Q

尺動脈(ulnar artery)位於

A

淺層和深層屈肌之間

P.676

48
Q

供應手指的指動脈(digital arteries)是由

A

掌弓 (palmar arches) 所分出

P.676

49
Q

哪3條動脈將血液送到消化道?

A
  • 腹腔動脈幹(celiac trunk)
  • 上腸繫膜動脈(superior mesenteric artery)
  • 下腸繫膜動脈(inferior mesenteric artery)

P.677

50
Q

腹腔[動脈]幹 (celiac trunk) 供應腹腔上的內臟，分支到?6

A
  • 胃部
  • 肝臟
  • 膽囊
  • 胰臟
  • 脾臟
  • 十二指腸

P.677

51
Q

大部份腸子的血液循環由什麼動脈提供?

A

上腸繫膜動脈(superior mesentric artery)

P.679

52
Q

腎上腺接受哪2條動脈的血液?

A
  • 腎上腺上(superior suprarenal)
  • 腎上腺下(inferior suprarenal)

P.679

53
Q

腎動脈位於第幾腰椎?

A

L1~L2之間

P.679

54
Q

男女性腺動脈的名稱

性腺動脈(gonadal arteries)

A
  • 男:睪丸動脈(testicular arteries)
  • 女:卵巢動脈(ovarian arteries)

P.679

55
Q

性腺動脈位於第幾椎?

A

L2

P.679

56
Q

由什麼動脈提供橫結腸到直腸的部分?

A

下腸繫膜動脈 (inferior mesenteric artery)

P.679

57
Q

腰動脈(lumbar arteries)發自於

A

腰區主動脈的後外側表面

P.679

58
Q

薦正中動脈(median sacral artery)發自於

A

主動脈最下方

P.679

59
Q

總髂動脈(common iliac arteries) 在第幾椎分成內外?

A

L4

P.679

60
Q

主要供應骨盆器官的動脈叫作?

A

髂內動脈(internal iliac artery)

P.679

61
Q

主要供應下肢的動脈叫做?

A

髂外動脈(external iliac artery)

P.679

62
Q

髂內動脈(inferior iliac artery) 供應血液到?5

A
  • 骨盆壁
  • 骨盆臟器
  • 臀部
  • 大腿內
  • 會陰

P.680

63
Q

什麼動脈供應臀部肌肉?2

A
  • 上臀動脈
  • 下臀動脈

P.680

64
Q

什麼動脈供應會陰和外生殖器?

A

內陰動脈(internal pedendal artery)

P.680

65
Q

供應大腿內收肌是

A

閉孔動脈(obturator artery)

P.680

66
Q

股動脈的遠端是

A

膕動脈(popliteal artery)

P.681

67
Q

股動脈最大的分支是

A

股深動脈(deep artery of the thigh)

P.681

68
Q

膕動脈在膝蓋圍繞膝關節叫做

A

膝動脈(genicular arteries)

P.681

69
Q

脛前動脈(anterior tibial artery)在腳踝或蹠骨叫做

A
  • 腳踝:足背動脈(dorsalis pedis artery)
  • 蹠骨:弓狀動脈(arcuate artery)

P.682

70
Q

脛後動脈(posterior tibial artery)與腓動脈共同供應…

A

小腿內的屈肌

P.682

71
Q

上腔靜脈(superior vena cava)接受哪些區域的血液?

A

橫膈上方

P.684

72
Q

下腔靜脈(inferior vena cava)接受哪些區域的血液?

A

橫膈下方

P.684

73
Q

腦部多數的靜脈都匯入顱內的…

A

硬膜靜脈竇(dural venous sinuses)

P.684

74
Q

上和下矢狀竇位於

A

大腦半球之間的大腦鐮(falx cerebri)內

P.684

75
Q

下矢狀竇向後注入…

A

直竇(straight sinus)

P.684

76
Q

上矢狀竇(superior sagittal sinus)和直竇(straight sinus)往後注入

A

枕葉內表面的橫竇(transverse sinus)

P.684

77
Q

每個橫竇(transverse sinus)接著注入S形的

A

乙狀竇(sigmoid sinus)

P.684

78
Q

當乙狀竇(sigmoid sinus)穿過頸靜脈孔(jugular foramen)會變成?

A

頸內靜脈(internal jugular vein)

P.684

79
Q

有哪4條神經有穿過海綿竇(cavernous sinus)?

A
  • 動眼神經
  • 滑車神經
  • 外旋神經
  • 三叉神經

P.684

80
Q

幾乎所有腦部的血液排入到哪一條靜脈?

A

頸內靜脈(internal jugular veins)

P.685

81
Q

臉部與頸部較深層的靜脈有哪2條?

A
  • 顏面靜脈(facial vein)
  • 淺顳靜脈(superficial temporal vein)

P.685

82
Q

一條淺層靜脈，在胸鎖乳突肌表面垂直下行通過頸部。這條叫做?

A

頸外靜脈(external jugular vein)

P.685

脖子上現形

83
Q

誰負責頸椎、頸部脊髓和頸部上方的肌肉?(靜脈)

A

椎靜脈(vertebral veins)

P.686

84
Q

奇靜脈系統(azygos system) 有哪3條靜脈構成?

A
  • 奇靜脈(azygos vein)
  • 半奇靜脈(hemiazygos vein)
  • 副半奇靜脈(accessory hemiazygos vein)

P.686

85
Q

奇靜脈(azygos vein)接納哪2條靜脈?

A
  • 後肋間靜脈(posterior intercostal veins)
  • 肋下靜脈

P.686

86
Q

半奇靜脈(hemiazygos vein)接納哪4條靜脈?

A
  • 肋下靜脈
    第9~11
  • 後肋間靜脈

P.686

87
Q

副半奇靜脈(accessory hemiazygos vein)接納哪4條靜脈

A
  • 奇靜脈
  • 第5~8的後肋間靜脈

P.686

88
Q

誰排出腎臟的血液?

A

左/右腎靜脈

P.688

腎靜脈(renal veins)

89
Q

每個腎上腺靜脈有幾條腎上腺靜脈?

腎上腺靜脈(suprarnal vein)

A

1

P.688

90
Q

肝靜脈(hepatic vein)注入到哪一條靜脈?

A

下腔靜脈

P.688

91
Q

哪一套循環來運送胃和腸道的消化養分，送到肝臟以加工和儲存?

A

肝門脈系統(hepatic portal system)

P.688

92
Q

身體最常的靜脈叫做?

A

大隱靜脈(great saphenous vein)

P.691

93
Q

卵圓孔癒合後變成

A

卵圓窩(fossa ovalis)

P.698

解剖生理學 (11 decks)

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