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生物 > 神經系統 > Flashcards

神經系統 Flashcards

1
Q

支配咽喉部肌肉

A

迷走神經

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2
Q

大部分視徑終止於

A

外側膝狀核

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3
Q

支配下頷腺分泌

A

顏面神經

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4
Q

痛覺 溫覺 上行徑

A

外側脊髓視丘徑

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5
Q

鎮靜劑活化？離子通道

A

活化Cl-通道

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5
Q

神經纖維較粗者

A

傳導速度較快

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7
Q

兩點辨識覺

A

薄索束 楔狀束

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8
Q

連結第三與第四腦室

A

中腦導水管

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9
Q

人體唯一單突觸反射

A

伸張反射

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10
Q

光腳踩到碎玻璃的反射

A

屈肌反射

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11
Q

傳送舌前2/3味覺至腦幹

A

顏面神經

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12
Q

具有最短動作電位

A

骨骼肌細胞

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12
Q

運動神經元屬於

A

多極神經元

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13
Q

外旋神經損傷造成

A

內斜視

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15
Q

牙齒的痛覺神經

A

三叉神經

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16
Q

腦組織受傷後 疤的形成

A

星狀膠細胞 （幹細胞）

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17
Q

支配提上眼瞼肌

A

動眼神經

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18
Q

CNS血管旁的膠細胞

A

星狀膠細胞

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19
Q

相對不反應期

A

K+持續流出細胞外

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19
Q

水腦症

A

CSF蓄積

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20
Q

自主神經系統中心

A

下視丘

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21
Q

傳遞舌後1/3味覺

A

舌咽神經

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22
Q

電性突觸

A

常見於肌肉細胞

不可產生IPSP

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23
Q

造成腦波節律變化的來源

A

視丘

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24
Q

清醒到深睡的腦波變化

A

頻率由高到低

強度由低到高

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25
Q

支配舌內肌

A

舌下神經

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26
Q

粗糙覺 壓力覺 上行徑

A

前脊髓視丘徑

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27
Q

引導PNS再生

A

許旺氏細胞

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28
Q

回收NT之glu

A

星狀膠細胞

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28
Q

腦膜由外至內

A

硬 血 蛛 C 軟

硬腦膜 
靜脈血 
蜘蛛網膜 
CSF  （位在蜘蛛膜下腔）
軟腦膜
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31
Q

神經節到脊神經

A

白出灰進

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32
Q

腦內施放Ach的神經元退化

A

阿茲海默症

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33
Q

大多數NT由？分泌

A

軸突

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34
Q

避免肌肉拉傷的反射

A

牽張反射

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35
Q

大部分錐體徑（皮質脊髓徑）神經纖維於？交叉

A

延腦

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36
Q

針刺縮手反射弧中樞

A

脊髓

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37
Q

左右視丘之間的腦室

A

第三腦室

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38
Q

一般成人CSF約含？毫升

A

80～150

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39
Q

使SA node放電頻率上升

A

腎上腺素

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40
Q

與Ach競爭Ach-R

阻斷橫膈肌運動

A

南美箭毒

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41
Q

支配腮腺（耳下腺）分泌

A

舌咽神經

42
Q

支配環肌、睫狀肌、提眼肌

A

動眼神經

43
Q

內臟活動大多是

A

自主反射

44
Q

豎毛肌收縮

A

交感神經

45
Q

發出節前交感神經

A

T1~L2脊髓

46
Q

釋放Ach的交感神經 支配

A

骨骼肌血管

汗腺

47
Q

尾核（caudate nucleus)損傷導致

A

亨丁頓氏舞蹈症

48
Q

次級感覺神經於？交叉

A

脊髓

49
Q

副交感神經無分佈處

A 
豎毛肌
汗腺
骨骼肌血管
皮膚血管
腎上腺髓質
50
Q

神經細胞靜止膜電位

A

-90

51
Q

直接阻斷動作電位的發生

A

河豚毒素

52
Q

EDRF是

A

NO

53
Q

亨丁頓氏舞蹈症缺乏

A

Ach

54
Q

酒精抑制？使人成癮

A

NMDA

55
Q

回朔性健忘症成因

A

視丘受損

56
Q

基底核主要作用

A

抑制運動作用

57
Q

NMDA突變

A

影響glu調控神經的功能

58
Q

興奮性毒性

A

突觸分泌glu過多

59
Q

LTP & LTD

皆需？由突觸後神經元釋放

A

Mg2+

60
Q

低血鈣增加神經與肌肉細胞興奮性原因

A

增加細胞膜對Na+的通透性

61
Q

上運動神經起始與終止處

A

起始於前皮質運動區

終止於脊髓前角

62
Q

唯一的酯類神經傳遞物

A

endocannabinoid

63
Q

NT釋放過程Ca2+

A

引發突觸囊泡與末梢膜融合

64
Q

所有EP性受器均經由？發揮其作用

A

G-protein

65
Q

N-Ach-R

A

Ligand gated (Na進多 K出少）

66
Q

M-Ach-R

A

GPCR

67
Q

阻斷M-Ach-R

A

阿托品

68
Q

一般鎮靜劑會使REM

A

下降

69
Q

造成聽神經去極化的離子

A

K+

70
Q

某些魚類靠？將波動由泳鰾傳入內耳

A

魏勃氏器

71
Q

擁有複眼

A

節肢動物門的 昆蟲鋼 甲殼綱

環節動物門的 多毛綱

72
Q

擁有單晶體眼

A

水母
多毛綱
蜘蛛綱

73
Q

平滑肌缺乏

A

橫小管

肌漿網

74
Q

交感副交感神經俱協同作用的部位

A

生殖系統

75
Q

一般情況下大腦只使用？為有氧呼吸受質

A

葡萄糖

76
Q

腎上腺髓質分泌NE EP的細胞

A

嗜鉻細胞

77
Q

肝臟a-EP-R

A

交感神經刺激

鈣離子為次級傳訊者

78
Q

肝臟B-EP-R

A

內分泌EP刺激

cAMP為次級傳訊者

79
Q

呼吸調節區

A

橋腦

80
Q

呼吸節律區

A

延腦

81
Q

下丘秘素（hypocretin)

A

由下視丘分泌

又稱為 促食素（orexin)

82
Q

小腦的浦金森細胞

A

抑制大腦皮質運動區

83
Q

脊髓小腦

A

快速動作平穩度

84
Q

神經C纖維

A

無髓鞘

85
Q

下視丘後葉

A

體溫調節中樞

前副散 後交產

前核 副交感 散熱
後核 交感 產熱

86
Q

一個感覺單元

A

一個感覺神經元+多個受器

87
Q

接受區

A

一個感覺神經元

88
Q

下視丘前葉

A

溫度受器

89
Q

桿狀細胞外節內構造由大到小

A

盤質白醛

盤狀膜
視紫質
視紫蛋白
視黃醛

90
Q

複眼的小眼內的感桿束=？

A

視軸=>微絨毛

91
Q

聽覺的毛細胞

A

特化上皮=>纖毛

92
Q

味覺

味蕾內的味覺受器

A

特化上皮=>微絨毛

93
Q

嗅覺的嗅覺神經

A

特化神經細胞=>纖毛（GPCR)

94
Q

扁平骨

A 
胸
肋
髖
頭
鎖
95
Q

睡眠中樞

A

下視丘腹側視前核

產生GABA抑制RAS

96
Q

視覺次級傳訊者

A

cGMP

97
Q

嗅覺次級傳訊者

A

cAMP

98
Q

同時鈣鈉入產生去極化

以鈣為主

A

溫度受器

99
Q

同時鈣鈉入產生去極化

以鈉為主

A

嗅覺

100
Q

短期記憶轉變成長期記憶區

A

中顳葉（海馬迴）

生物 (10 decks)

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