消化系統 Flashcards

1
Q

食物處理四階段

A

攝食
消化
吸收
排遺

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2
Q

腸胃道四功能

A

分泌
消化
吸收
運動

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3
Q

泄殖腔

A

排泄
生殖
消化

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4
Q

消化道上皮

A

粘膜層

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5
Q

胰臟中分泌胰液

A

腺體細胞

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6
Q

膽汁路徑

A

總肝管
總膽管
肝胰壺腹
12指腸

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7
Q

大小腸皆有的構造

A

杯狀細胞

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8
Q

微絨毛又稱為

A

刷狀緣

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9
Q

大腸的直腸位於

A

骨盆腔

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10
Q

胃液的量

A

2L / 天

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11
Q

膽汁的量

A

0.5L / 天

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12
Q

乳糖不耐症

A

小腸內乳糖酶活性不足

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13
Q

胃的類腸嗜鉻細胞

A

分泌histamine

刺激胃液分泌

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14
Q

唾液的量

A

1.5L / 天

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15
Q

食道至直腸都有

A

蠕動

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16
Q

嚴重嘔吐會造成

A

鹼中毒

低血鉀

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17
Q

2價鐵比3價鐵

A

更易被腸道吸收

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18
Q

大腸每天吸收總細胞外液的

A

10%

19
Q

引發MMC

A

活動素(motilin)

20
Q

吸收B12的部位

A

迴腸

21
Q

食物中最易刺激胃液分泌的物質

A

氨基酸

蛋白質

22
Q

?的肝糖水解可調節血糖

A

肝臟

23
Q

12指腸的VIP主要功能

A

促進小腸分泌 水 電解質

24
Q

正常人牙齒有

A

20顆乳牙

32顆恆牙

25
Q

小腸管腔總表面積

A

300平方公尺

26
Q

食道長約

A

25公分

27
Q

大腸特有構造

A

腸脂垂

28
Q

胃結腸反射又稱為

A

總體蠕動

團塊運動

29
Q

促使胰細胞生長

A

CCK

30
Q

刺激腸道分泌氯離子

A

鳥苷素

31
Q

胃的慢波頻率

A

3次 / min

32
Q

最快的分節運動處

A

12指腸

33
Q

消化道的卡氏中介細胞

A

慢波起始

位在縱走肌

34
Q

脂質中的兩性化合物

A

磷脂
糖脂
脂肪酸
膽固醇

35
Q

胰島素分泌時機

A

消化道吸收期

36
Q

大腦運輸葡萄糖

A

借GLUT-1 GLUT-3

不依賴胰島素

37
Q

缺鐵易疲勞原因

A

細胞色素需要鐵在電子傳遞鍊中產生釋能反應

38
Q

分泌胃部保護性黏液

A

表層黏液細胞

39
Q

長期調控

A

leptin

insulin

40
Q

飲食中大部分膽固醇

A

被肝合成膽汁

41
Q

布隆納氏腺位於

A

粘膜下層

42
Q

蔗糖透過?方式進入小腸細胞

A

促進性擴散

次級主動

43
Q

霍亂弧菌分泌毒素刺激黏膜細胞導致腹瀉是由於

A

增加細胞內cAMP

促使Cl-分泌