心血管系统疾病 Flashcards

0
Q

AS的基本病变有

A

脂纹及脂斑 (fatty streak and dots)
纤维斑块 (fibrous plaques)
粥样斑块 (atheromatous plaque)又称 粥样瘤 (atheroma)

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1
Q

动脉粥样硬化(AS)的致病因素可包括哪几个?

A

高脂血症 hyperli pe mi a
高血压
吸烟
其他:内分泌,遗传,糖尿病

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2
Q

AS病变的继发性变化

A
斑块内出血 (haemorrhage) 
粥样溃疡 (ulcer)
血栓形成 (thrombus)
钙化(calcification)
动脉瘤形成 (aneurysm)
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3
Q

CHS是指什么?

A

coronary heart disease 冠状动脉性心脏病 -冠心病

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4
Q

CHD根据临床病理可分为?

A

心绞痛 angina pe c to ri s (心脏急性暂时性缺血缺氧)
心肌梗死 myocardial infection (严重持续性缺氧而引起的坏死)
心肌硬化 cardiac myosclerosis(可长达多年,以后逐渐发展成左心衰竭)

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5
Q

心肌梗死(myocardial infarction)的合并症有哪些

A

心力衰竭,心源性休克,心律失常,附壁血栓,室壁瘤,急性心包炎,心脏破裂

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6
Q

什么是心肌梗死?常发生的部位及分类如何?

A

严重持续性缺氧而引起的坏死

多发生在左心

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7
Q

良性高血压病的病变

A
功能期 
细动脉病变期 
内脏病变期 - 心:左心室发生代偿性肥大,心脏重量增加(牛心)
                      肾:体积缩小
                      脑:高血压脑病
                             脑软化
                             脑出血(中风apoplexy)
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8
Q

风湿小体是什么

A

(aschoff小体)多发生于心肌间质,心内膜下,皮下结缔组织。其中心为纤维素样坏死灶,周围有风湿细胞增生及少量淋巴细胞,单核细胞浸润。

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9
Q

风湿病的基本病理变化

A

变质渗出期
增生期(风湿小体出现)
纤维化期

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