局部血液循环障碍 Flashcards

0
Q

静脉性充血又称?它的概念?

A

淤血

静脉回流受阻,血液淤积于小静脉和毛细血管内,引起局部血量增多。

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1
Q

动脉性充血的病理变化

A

大红热旺

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2
Q

静脉性充血的主要原因

A

静脉受压
静脉阻塞
心力衰竭

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3
Q

静脉性充血的病理变化

A

胀紫低冷

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4
Q

静脉性充血长时间对身体有何影响?

A

淤血性水肿
淤血性出血
淤血性硬化
组织萎缩,变化及坏死

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5
Q

慢性肺淤血的病理变化

A

左心衰竭
肉眼:体积增大,重量增加,颜色暗红,质地变实
镜下:肺泡内的红细胞被吞噬细胞吞噬,血红蛋白分解后形成棕黄色的含铁血黄素颗粒--心力衰竭细胞。长期肺淤血心力衰竭细胞沉积-肺褐色硬变

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6
Q

慢性肝淤血的病理变化

A

有心衰竭
肉眼:体积增大,重量增加,包膜紧张等。灰黄色的脂肪变性肝细胞,似槟榔的切面--槟榔肝 (nutmeg liver)
镜下:小叶中央的肝细胞发生萎缩,因缺氧而发生脂肪变性。长期形成淤血性肝硬化。

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7
Q

血栓形成的概念

A

活体内,心脏或血管内血液有形成分形成固体质块的过程

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8
Q

血栓的类型都有哪些

A

白色血栓
混合性血栓
红色血栓
透明血栓

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9
Q

血栓形成的3个条件

A

心血管内膜的损伤
血流状态的改变
血液凝固性增加

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10
Q

血栓的结局?

A

溶解或脱落
机化
钙化

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11
Q

栓塞的概念

A

不溶于血液的异常物质,随血流动,阻塞管腔。

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12
Q

简述栓子的常见运行途径及主要部位

A

一般与血流方向一致
右心,左心
门静脉

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13
Q

梗死的概念

A

局部组织,器官由于血流供应迅速中断而引起的缺血性坏死

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14
Q

梗死的类型都包括哪些?

A

贫血性梗死(结构较致密 如心肾脾)
出血性梗死(组织疏松,双重循环 如肺肠等)
败血性梗死

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15
Q

出血性梗死的主要条件为

A

严重静脉瘀血
双重血液循环
组织疏松

16
Q

梗死的结局都有哪些

A

机化
纤维钙化
液化形成囊腔