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Chemistry ⚗ > ✅ > Flashcards

✅ Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when something is oxidised

A

Oxygen has been taken away

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2
Q

What happens when something is reduced?

A

Gains oxygen

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3
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from a salt

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4
Q

What is a metal ore?

A

A rock containing a high concentration of a metal

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5
Q

Equation for a metal and acid

A

Metal + acid = salt + hydrogen

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6
Q

Equation for a neutralisation reaction?

A

Acid + base = salt + water

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7
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction?

A

Acid + alkali

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8
Q

What do the sums of the charges on a salt add up to?

A

0

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9
Q

Equation for when an acid and alkali react

A

Acid + alkali = salt + water

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10
Q

Equation for acid + metal carbonate

A

Acid + metal carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide

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11
Q

What are acids?

A

Substances that produce H+ ions when added to water

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12
Q

how are metals placed in the reactivity series?

A

By their reaction with water and dilute acid

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13
Q

how do the most reactive metals react with water?

A

fizz
give off hydrogen gas
leave alkaline metal hydroxide solution

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14
Q

how do the most reactive metals react with dilute acid

A

explode

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15
Q

how do medium-high reactive metals react with water

A

react but very slowly

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16
Q

how do medium-high metals react with dilute acid?

A

fizz, give of hydrogen and produce a salt

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17
Q

how do medium-low metals react with water

A

slight reaction when heated

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18
Q

how do medium-low metals react with dilute acid

A

react only when warm

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19
Q

how do low metals react with water

A

no reaction

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20
Q

how do low reactive metals react with dilute acid

A

no reaction

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21
Q

what is an ionic equation?

A

when the atoms or particles that don’t change aren’t included

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22
Q

what is carbon used for

A

extracting metals from their oxides

23
Q

what is a half equation

A

something that includes electrons

24
Q

what is oxidation

A

loss of electrons

25
Q

what is reduction

A

gain of electrons

26
Q

what is a redox reaction?

A

where one thing gains electrons and the other loses them, eg a displacement reaction

27
Q

what is the equation for metal oxide + carbon

A

metal + carbon dioxide

28
Q

what are metals less reactive than carbon extracted by

A

carbon

29
Q

what are metals more reactive than carbon extracted by

A

electrolysis

30
Q

what is a salt

A

a compound formed when the hydrogen in an acid is wholly or partially replaced by metal particles

31
Q

what gets reduced in a MASH reaction?

A

hydrogen ions

32
Q

what is oxidised in a MASH reaction?

A

metal ions

33
Q

What is an acid?

A

Something that produces H+ ions in water

34
Q

What is an alkali?

A

Something that produces OH- ions in water

35
Q

What makes an acid strong?

A

When all particles ionise to form H+ ions in water

36
Q

Metal + water =

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

37
Q

Acid + metal hydroxide=

A

Salt + water

38
Q

How do you extract metals from ores using carbon?

A

The ore loses oxygen and the carbon gains this oxygen

39
Q

What is a displacement reaction

A

When a more reactive element displaces a less reactive one from its salt

40
Q

How dos carbon reduce a metal?

A

It removes the oxygen by bonding to it and forming CO2 so the metal is pure

41
Q

Why are some metals like gold found in their natural state

A

They are very unreactive

42
Q

What is a salt

A

A compound formed when the hydrogen in a acid is replaced by a metal

43
Q

What is displaced in an acid + metal displacement reaction

A

Hydrogen

44
Q

What happens to the electrons in a MASH reaction

A

They are transferred from the hydrogen to the metal

45
Q

What is an alkali

A

A base that is soluble in water

46
Q

What enables you to work out the formula of salts

A

Their overall charge = 0

47
Q

What is the equation for an acid + alkali reaction using ions

A

H+ + OH- = H2O

48
Q

What makes a solution acidic

A

When an acid real eases hydrogen into the water

49
Q

What is special about the ionisation of a weak acid?

A

It is reversible so an equilibrium is reached

50
Q

What does the strength of the acid tell you

A

What proportion of the acid molecules ionise in water

51
Q

What does the concentration of an acid tell you

A

How much acid there is in a certain volume of water

52
Q

What is the effect of aqueous solutions?

A

If the metal ion is more reactive than hydrogen, hydrogen will be produced

53
Q

How do covalent bonds hold atoms together?

A

Electrostatic forces between the shared negatively charged electrons and the positively charged nuclei

Chemistry ⚗ (17 decks)

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