✅ Flashcards
What happens when something is oxidised
Oxygen has been taken away
What happens when something is reduced?
Gains oxygen
What is a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from a salt
What is a metal ore?
A rock containing a high concentration of a metal
Equation for a metal and acid
Metal + acid = salt + hydrogen
Equation for a neutralisation reaction?
Acid + base = salt + water
What is a neutralisation reaction?
Acid + alkali
What do the sums of the charges on a salt add up to?
0
Equation for when an acid and alkali react
Acid + alkali = salt + water
Equation for acid + metal carbonate
Acid + metal carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide
What are acids?
Substances that produce H+ ions when added to water
how are metals placed in the reactivity series?
By their reaction with water and dilute acid
how do the most reactive metals react with water?
fizz
give off hydrogen gas
leave alkaline metal hydroxide solution
how do the most reactive metals react with dilute acid
explode
how do medium-high reactive metals react with water
react but very slowly
how do medium-high metals react with dilute acid?
fizz, give of hydrogen and produce a salt
how do medium-low metals react with water
slight reaction when heated
how do medium-low metals react with dilute acid
react only when warm
how do low metals react with water
no reaction
how do low reactive metals react with dilute acid
no reaction
what is an ionic equation?
when the atoms or particles that don’t change aren’t included
what is carbon used for
extracting metals from their oxides
what is a half equation
something that includes electrons
what is oxidation
loss of electrons
what is reduction
gain of electrons
what is a redox reaction?
where one thing gains electrons and the other loses them, eg a displacement reaction
what is the equation for metal oxide + carbon
metal + carbon dioxide
what are metals less reactive than carbon extracted by
carbon
what are metals more reactive than carbon extracted by
electrolysis
what is a salt
a compound formed when the hydrogen in an acid is wholly or partially replaced by metal particles
what gets reduced in a MASH reaction?
hydrogen ions
what is oxidised in a MASH reaction?
metal ions
What is an acid?
Something that produces H+ ions in water
What is an alkali?
Something that produces OH- ions in water
What makes an acid strong?
When all particles ionise to form H+ ions in water
Metal + water =
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Acid + metal hydroxide=
Salt + water
How do you extract metals from ores using carbon?
The ore loses oxygen and the carbon gains this oxygen
What is a displacement reaction
When a more reactive element displaces a less reactive one from its salt
How dos carbon reduce a metal?
It removes the oxygen by bonding to it and forming CO2 so the metal is pure
Why are some metals like gold found in their natural state
They are very unreactive
What is a salt
A compound formed when the hydrogen in a acid is replaced by a metal
What is displaced in an acid + metal displacement reaction
Hydrogen
What happens to the electrons in a MASH reaction
They are transferred from the hydrogen to the metal
What is an alkali
A base that is soluble in water
What enables you to work out the formula of salts
Their overall charge = 0
What is the equation for an acid + alkali reaction using ions
H+ + OH- = H2O
What makes a solution acidic
When an acid real eases hydrogen into the water
What is special about the ionisation of a weak acid?
It is reversible so an equilibrium is reached
What does the strength of the acid tell you
What proportion of the acid molecules ionise in water
What does the concentration of an acid tell you
How much acid there is in a certain volume of water
What is the effect of aqueous solutions?
If the metal ion is more reactive than hydrogen, hydrogen will be produced
How do covalent bonds hold atoms together?
Electrostatic forces between the shared negatively charged electrons and the positively charged nuclei
