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Chemistry ⚗ > ✅ > Flashcards

✅ Flashcards

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1
Q

What is it called when atoms share electrons

A

Covalent bonding

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2
Q

What is it called when atoms transfer electrons?

A

Ionic bonding?

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3
Q

What arrangement is formed when ionic bonding occurs?

A

Giant structure/ giant lattice

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4
Q

Characteristics of ionic compounds

A

High melting points

Conduct electricity

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5
Q

Characteristics of simple molecules

A

Weak intermolecular forces

Can’t carry electricity

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6
Q

Why can graphite conduct electricity

A

Delocalised electrons carry charge

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7
Q

What are fullerenes?

A

Hollow shapes molecules of carbon

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8
Q

Uses of fullerenes

A

Transport of drugs
Catalysts
Reinforcement

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9
Q

What is graphene?

A

I atom thick graphite

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10
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

When the negative electrons hold the positive nuclei in position

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11
Q

What is an alloy?

A

Mixture of two elements, at least one of which is metal

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12
Q

Why can metals bend?

A

The layers slide over eachother

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13
Q

Why do nano particles have different properties?

A

Large SA to volume ratio

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14
Q

Uses of nano particles

A

Sun cream
Glass
Cosmetics

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15
Q

what is it called when a solid changes directly to a gas?

A

sublimation

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16
Q

what is a compound?

A

something that contains two or more elements chemically combined

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17
Q

when elecctrons have been gained what is the charge of the ion?

A

negative

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18
Q

what arrangement do ionic bonds give?

A

giant lattice

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19
Q

why do lattices have such high boiling points?

A

the ionic bonds act in all directions on an atom

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20
Q

why will molten or dissolved ionic compounds conduct electricity

A

ions free to move

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21
Q

What are the three states of matter

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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22
Q

Characteristics of particles in solid

A

Packed closely together

Vibrate in fixed positions

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23
Q

Characteristic of liquid

A

Close together but can slide around

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24
Q

Characteristics of gas

A

Lots of empty space of particles to move around

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25
Q

What energy changes happen when something melts or boils?

A

Energy is transferred to the substance

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26
Q

Limitations of the simple particle model

A

Atoms aren’t all solid spheres with no forces between them

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27
Q

Why do different substances have different melting points

A

Depends on the strength of the bonds between them

28
Q

What is covalent

A

When two atoms share electrons

29
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

When atoms transfer electrons to each other and become ions

30
Q

How do ionic compounds stay together.

A

The forces of attraction between the oppositely charges ions

31
Q

What is formed with ionic bonds

A

A giant structure or giant lattice

32
Q

Why do ionic compounds have such high melting and boiling points?

A

The strong electrostatic forces of attraction

33
Q

How to work out the charge of an ionic compound

A

Look at the charges of the ions

Th overall charge must be 0, so there must be enough of each to cancel out

34
Q

Why will ionic compounds only conduct electricity when dissolved or molten?

A

The ions become mobile and can carry the charge through the liquid

35
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A

The strong bonds between atoms that are sharing electrons

36
Q

What is a macromolecule

A

A giant covalent structure

37
Q

Ho do a shared pair of electrons bond the atoms together?

A

The positive nuclei are attracted to the negative pair of electrons

38
Q

What are the three ways of representing covalent bonding

A 
Dot and cross 
Displayed formula (single lines show bonds)
The 3D model
39
Q

Why is it easy to break apart a simple molecular compound (why does it have a lot m and b point)

A

Weak intermolecular forces

40
Q

Why don’t molecular compounds conduct electricity?

A

They aren’t charged so there are no free electrons

41
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chain made up of smaller molecules

42
Q

Why does diamond have such a high melting point

A

Very strong intermolecular forces (bonds to four different atoms)

43
Q

What are intermolecular forces?

A

The forces between the covalently bonded molecules

44
Q

Why do macromolecules have such a high melting point

A

All the atoms are bonded to eachother by strong covalent bonds

45
Q

Why can layers in graphite slide off eachother

A

Weak intermolecular forces

46
Q

What are delocalised electrons

A

Spare electrons that don’t belong to an atoms so can move through out graphite

47
Q

Why does graphite conduct electricity

A

Delocalised electrons

48
Q

What is a fullerene?

A

A large hollow cage made of carbon

49
Q

How many carbon atoms are in a fullerene

A

60

50
Q

What are carbon nanotubes

A

Cylindrical fullerenes

51
Q

What is graphene?

A

A single layer of carbon atoms

52
Q

Three uses of fullerenes

A

Can ‘cage’ other molecules
Deliver drugs
Catalyst

53
Q

What type of bonding occurs in metals?

A

Metallic bonding

54
Q

How are metallic bonds so strong?

A

The positive metal ions are attracted to the negative delocalised electrons

55
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of two elements, at least one of which is a metal

56
Q

Why are metals solid at room temperature?

A

Strong electrostatic bonds

57
Q

Why are metals good conductors of electricity and heat

A

Delocalised electrons carry charge and energy

58
Q

Why are metals malleable

A

Layers of atoms can slide over eachother

59
Q

Why are alloys harder than normal metals

A

The different sizes atoms mean it’s harder for the layers to slide over eachother

60
Q

What is a nanoparticle?

A

A very small particle

61
Q

What is important about nanoparticles

A

Large surface area to volume ratio

62
Q

What is the size range for a nanoparticle

A

Between 10-9 and 10-7 metres

63
Q

Uses of nanoparticle

A

Catalysts
Nanomedicine (magic bullet)
Suncreans
Cosmetics

64
Q

Risks of nanoparticle

A

Large surface area = flammable
Breathing them in could damage bloodstream
Affecting environment

65
Q

What are nanowires

A

Very small wires used in electronic circuit

66
Q

What are silve nanoparticles used for

A

Inhibit growth of microorganism
Textiles
Sanitation (silver ions protect against bacteria)

67
Q

How are nanocages used to deliver drugs

A

Can get into the leaky walls of tumours and carry drugs at same time

Chemistry ⚗ (17 decks)

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