Комплексные числа Flashcards

1
Q

Комплексное число

A

z = (a,b); a,b∈R - упорядоченная пара
z = a + bi

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2
Q

Операции с комплексными числами

A

z = (a,b); w=(u,v)
z = a + bi; w = u+vi
1) z=w: a=u, b=v
2) z+w: ((a+u),(b+v))
(a+u)+(b+v)i
3) z*w: (au-bv,av+bu)
(au-bv)+(av+bu)i

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3
Q

Вычитание и деление комплексных чисел

A

1) w = z1-z2 ⇔ z1 = w+z2
2) w=z1/z2 ⇔ z1=w*z2

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4
Q

Комплексное сопряжённое

A

]z - комплексное число
z̅ = a - bi
z1 = z2 ⇔ z̅1̅ = z̅2̅
z̅1̅z̅2̅ = z̅1̅ * z̅2̅
z̅1̅̅+̅̅z̅2̅ = z̅1̅+z̅2̅
w̅ = z̅1̅/z̅2̅
z+z̅ = 2a = 2Rez
z-z̅ = 2b = 2Imz
⟧|z| = √a̅²̅+̅b̅²̅ ⇒ z
z̅=|z|²
z1/z2 = z1*z̅2̅/|z2|²

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5
Q

Тригонометрическая запись комплексного числа

A

z = r(cos(φ) + i*sin(φ))

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6
Q

Показательная форма комплексного числа

A

z = re^(iφ)

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7
Q

Формулы Эйлера

A

cos(φ)+i*sin(φ)=e^(iφ)

cos(φ) = (e^(iφ)+e(-iφ))/2

sin(φ)=(e^(iφ)-e(-iφ))/2i

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8
Q

Комплексная экспонента

A

e^z = e^(a+bi) = e^(a)*e^(bi)

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9
Q

Синус и косинус комплексного числа

A

sin(z) = (e^(iz)-e^(-iz))/2i

cos(z) = (e^(iz)+e^(-iz))/2

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10
Q

Арксинус комплексного числа

A

Arcsin(z) = {w: sin(w) = z}
w = -i*Ln(iz+√1̅-̅z̅²̅)

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11
Q

Логарифм комплексного числа

A

Ln(z) = {w: e^(w)=z}
Ln(z) = ln(r) + i(φ+2πk), k∈Z

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12
Q

Комплексная степень

A

z1^(z2) = e^(z2*Ln(z1))

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13
Q

Комплексное число в степени n

A

z^(n) = r^(n)*e^(inφ)

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14
Q

Корень n-ой степени из комплексного числа

A

(n)√z̅ = {w: w^(n) = z}
(n)√z̅ = (n)√(|z|²) * e^(i*((1/n)arg(z)+2πk/n), k∈Z

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15
Q

Гиперболические функции

A

sh x = e^x-e^(-x)/2

ch x = e^x+e^(-x)/2

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16
Q

Arsh(z)

A

Arsh(z) = {w: sh(w)=z}

Arsh(z) = Ln(z+√z̅^̅2̅+̅1̅