zzz Chapter 18 Backup

Question 1

Aging in Place

Answer 1

In late adulthood, remaining in a familiar setting where one has control over one’s every day life

Question 2

Dependency-Support Script

Answer 2

A predictable pattern of interaction in which caregivers attend to older adults dependent behaviors immediately, thereby reinforcing those behaviors, while ignoring independent behaviors

Question 3

Ego Integrity VS Despair

Answer 3

In Ericksons theory, the psychological conflict of late adulthood, which is resolved positively when adults come to terms with the lives in Feil Hall, complete, and satisfied with their achievements

Question 4

Independence-Ignore Script

Answer 4

A predictable pattern of interaction in which older dogs independent behaviors are mostly ignored and, as a result occurred less often

Question 5

Person-Environment Fit

Answer 5

A good match between older adults abilities and the demands of the living environments, which promotes adaptive behavior and psychological well-being

Question 6

Positivity Effect

Answer 6

And emotional strength of older adults who, compared with younger people, selectively attend to and better recall emotionally positive over negative information

Question 7

Reminiscence

Answer 7

The process of telling stories about people events from the past and reporting associated thoughts and feelings

Question 8

Secondary Friends

Answer 8

People who are not intimate but with whom an individual spends time occasionally such as a group that meets for lunch, bridge, or museum tours

Question 9

Social Convoy

Answer 9

A model of age related changes in social networks, which views the individual is moving through life within a cluster of relationships, with close ties in the inner circle and west close ties on the outside. With age, people change places in the convoy, new tires are added, and some drift off

Question 10

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Answer 10

A social theory of aging the states that social interaction in late adulthood extends lifelong selection process is. Aging leads to increased emphasis on the motion regulating function of social interaction causing older adults to for familiar social patterns with him they have developed pleasurable relationships

Question 11

Successful Aging

Answer 11

Aging in which genes are maximized and losses minimized, enabling realization of individual potential

Question 12

Third Age

Answer 12

A new phase of late adulthood extending from age 65 to 79 or longer, resulting from added years of longevity and health plus financial civility in which older adults pursue personally in reaching interest goals

Question 13

Four Stages

Answer 13

1st Age- chidhood 2nd Age- adulthood **3rd Age- time of personal fulfillment from ages 65-79 4th Age- physical decline

Question 14

Ego Integrity vs Despair

Answer 14

Erickson’s 8th stage - feel a sense of integrity and fulfillment. Willingness to face death. If not, feeling of dissatisfaction with life; despair over prospect of death. Ego Integrity is associated with: favorable psycological well-being, up beat mood, close relationships with adult children, greater community involvement, and accepting of help from others. The negative outcome is a feeling of dissatisfaction with life; despair over prospect of death.

Question 15

Task of Ego Integrity - Peck

Answer 15

Peck said that attaining Ego Integrity involves three steps: 1. Ego Differentiaton- for those who invested heavily in careers, finding ways to affirm self-worth through family, friends, and community life. 2. Body Transcendence- surmounting physical limitations by emphasizing the compensating rewards of cognitive, emotional, and social powers. 3. Ego Transcendence- as contemporaries die, facing the reality of death constructively through efforts to make life more secure, meaningful, and gratifying for younger generations. Peck’s theory requires older adults to move beyond life’s work, their bodies, and separate identities by investing is a future that extends beyond their own life.

Question 16

Joan Erikson

Answer 16

Suggested that attainments represent development beyond ego integrity to an additional psycholosocial stage called Gerontranscendence Gerotranscendence - a cosmic and transcendent perspective directed beyond the self to affinity with past and future generations and oneness with the universe.

Question 17

Gerotranscendence

Answer 17

Gerotranscendence - a cosmic and transcendent perspective directed beyond the self to affinity with past and future generations and oneness with the universe.

Question 18

Positivity Effect

Answer 18

Cognitive affective complexity(awareness of positive & negative feelings with an organized self-description) This effect increases from adolscence through middle adulthood and then declines as a persons basic -information-processing skills diminish in late adulthood. But older people often display compensating emotional stregnth, which is Positivity Effect. Compared to younger people, older people delectively attend to and better recall emotionally positive information over negative info. This contributes to older adults resiliance. So, despite losing loved ones and poor health, they are optimistic, gaining in enjoyment.

Question 19

Emotional Self-regulation

Answer 19

Aging adults life experiences enable them to become expert in emotional self-regulation.

Question 20

Reminiscence

Answer 20

Telling stories about events and people from the past and reporting associated thoughts and feelings. Both young and old people use reminiscence during times of life transitions.

Question 21

Life Review

Answer 21

Calling up past experiences with the goal of achieving greater self-understanding.

Question 22

Robert Butler

Answer 22

According to Robert Butler, older adults egage in life review as part of attaining Ego Integrity

Question 23

Old Age

Answer 23

Is still associated with gains in life satisfaction Old age is not a time when personality becomes rigid and morale declines. Rahter, a flexible, optimistic approach to life, which fosters resilience in the face of adversity, id common. Old adults gain modestly in agreeableness into their 70s. They decline in ageeableness after age 80 as they face physical and cognitive challenges. Older adults experience age related dips in extroversion and decline in openness to experiences It was found that if older adults regularly do cognitively challenging puzzles, this sustained intellectual engagement induced them to view themselves as open to experiences.

Question 24

Spirituality & Religion in Old Age

Answer 24

Older adults put greater value to religious beliefs & behaviors. 65% of 65 and older say religion is very important. 1/2 report attending services at least 1 time per week. This is the highest percentage of any age group.

Question 25

Control vs Dependency

Answer 25

These two sequences reinforce dependent behaviorin old adults: Dependency-Support Script- dependent behaviors are attended to immediately Independence-Ignore Script- independent behaviors are mostly ignored.

Question 26

Person-Environment Fit

Answer 26

A good match between an older person abilities and the demands of their living environment

Question 27

Depression in Older Adulthood

Answer 27

Physical Health is a powerful predictor of psychological well-being in older adults Risk of late-life depression increases with physical decline and chronic disease Fewer older adults are depressed than young and middle-age adults Profound feelings of hopelessness rise with age due to less personal control and increased isolation Depression in old age is often lethal People 85 and older have highest suicide rate of all age groups. U.S. rate has risen by 15% in the past few years. In this category, it is largely white men. It is important for family and aides to encourage autonomy and NOT the dependency support script More that 1/2 US nursing home residents don’t receive regular mental health intervention Negative life changes may actually evoke less stress and depression in older people (through life experience, they’ve learn coping techniques) Women of advanced age report lower psychological well-being than men In late adulthood, social supports reduce stress, thereby promotes physical health and psychological well-being. This helps increase odds of longer life

Question 28

Excessive Assistance

Answer 28

when assistance is excessive or can’t be returned by the older person, it often interferes with self-efficacy and amplifies psychological stress

Question 29

Child Obligation

Answer 29

A lot of times adult children feel a deeper sense of obligation toward the older parent than the older parent expects from them.

Question 30

Perceived Social Support

Answer 30

For older adults, the sense of being able to count on friends and family in time of need is associated with a positive outlook

Question 31

Social Theories of Aging

Answer 31

Disengagement Theory Activity Theory Continuity Theory Socio-emotional Selectivity Theory

Question 32

Continuity Theory

Answer 32

A social theory of aging that states that most aging adults, and their choice of every day activities and social relationships, strive to maintain a personal system— an identity and a set of personality dispositions, interests, roles, and skills— that promotes life satisfaction by ensuring consistency between the past and anticipated future

Question 33

Disengagement Theory

Answer 33

older people decrease activity levels and interact less frequently, becoming more preoccupied with their inner lives in anticipation of death

Question 34

Activity Theory

Answer 34

this theory dispels the disengagement theory in that it proposes that social barriers to engagement, not the desires of the older adults cause declining rates of engagement Quality, not quantity of relationships predicts psychological well-being in old age