ZS8: Technieken Flashcards

1
Q

Geef een eiwit expressie/ productie techniek

A

DNA klonering
Stappenplan:
1. recombinante vectorplasmiede maken met restrictie enzymen.
2. vector inbrengen in een bacteriecel
3. bacterie cellen delen en colonies vormen
4. gewenste cellen (met correcte insert) afzonderen
5. eiwit opzuiveren/expressie van gen bestuderen

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2
Q

Bespreek southernblotting

A

-gebruikt
looking for medium-sized changes (hundreds of base pairs to several
kilobases) in genes/DNA in test sample

  • restrictie enzymen gebruiken om gen in kleine fragmenten op te breken
  • gelelektroforese op fragmenten in grootte te scheiden
  • dna overzetten op nilon
  • denatureren
  • probes aanbrengen (korte nz die op target sequentie bindt

-x-ray gebruiken om banden die probe binden zichtbaar te maken

Today Southern blotting has been largely replaced by real-time PCR to answer the same experimental questions. Real-time PCR detects and quantifies a gene or DNA sequence of interest by recording DNA abundance throughout the amplification process, rather than just at the end as in standard PCR.

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3
Q

Waarvoor dient microarray

A

https: //www.nature.com/scitable/definition/microarray-202/
- gebruikt om de expressie patroon van meerdere cellen tegelijk te onderzoeken (mRNA -> cDNA)

  • veel gebruikt voor CNV
  • kanker profilering

Boek:
DNA microarrays have
thousands to millions of different synthetic
single-stranded DNA probes fixed at specific predetermined positions in the grid. Each grid square will have
many thousands of identical copies of a single type
DNA probe (a feature). An
aqueous test sample containing a heterogeneous
collection of labeled DNA fragments or RNA
transcripts is denatured and allowed to hybridize
with the probes on the array (1 cel per feature) . Some probes may find numerous
complementary sequences in the test population,
resulting in a strong hybridization signal; for other
probes there may be
few complementary sequences in the test sample,
resulting in a weak hybridization signal. After
washing and drying of the grid, the hybridization
signals for the numerous different probes are
detected by laser scanning, giving huge amounts
of data from a single experiment.

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4
Q

bespreek sangersequencing

A
  • gouden standaard voor kleine , gekende mutaties
  • nakijken van een kleine gen

(zie video 1)

je zal eerst uw fragmenten mixen met ddNTPs (dideoxynucleotiden, met trifosfaat groep . Hebben geen oH groep op 3’ plaats) die zorgen voor chain termination bij oncorporatie (voor elke nucleotide,zal je een aparte tube gebruiken). Vervolgens steek je uw stalen in aparte sloten in gelelektroforese.
je leest de banden , samen met de gegeven nucleotide in de slot, om de sequentie te bepalen

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5
Q

bespreek NGS

A
  • mutaties in meerdere genen tegelijk onderzoeken
  • meerdere mensen tegelijk
  • expressie analyse (zoals qPCR)

-volledige genoom nakijken

DNA sequencing may be used to determine the sequence of individual genes, larger genetic regions (i.e. clusters of genes or operons), full chromosomes, or entire genomes of any organism. DNA sequencing is also the most efficient way to indirectly sequence RNA or proteins

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6
Q

bespreek stringentie

A

-> strengheid waarmee hybridiatie gebeurt

hoge stringentie laat geen mismatches toe
(hoge temperatuur zorgt dat instabiele moleculen (met hoge mismatches) uitelkaar vallen)

lage zout concentratie zal ook stringentie verhogen

lage stringentie laat mismatches toe

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7
Q

Horizontale gen transfer

A

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the (“vertical”) transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction). HGT is an important factor in the evolution of many organisms.

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