Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Marine Biology > Zooplankton, Deep Sea Nekton > Flashcards

Zooplankton, Deep Sea Nekton Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are zooplanktons three mechanisms of buoyancy?

A
  1. Body size: small size increases S:V ratio and friction with water column
  2. Appendages and projections: help with S:V
  3. Density: high lipid content, air bladders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mesoplankton

A

Zooplankton (e.g. copepods)

0.2-20 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of zooplankton are the eggs considered?

A

Microplankton and mesoplankton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Macroplankton

A

Zooplankton

2-20cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Megaplankton

A

Zooplankton

20cm-2m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three groups of zooplankton?

A
  1. Mesoplankton (0.2-20mm)
  2. Macroplankton (2-20cm)
  3. Megaplankton (20cm-2m
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neuston

A

Planktonic organisms living at the sea surface

- Includes all size zooplankton and phytoplankton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pleuston

A

A type of neuston that includes plankton forms that break the surface and use wind for dispersal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Meroplankton

A

Organisms with a life stage in the plankton and another in the benthos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Holoplankton

A

Organisms with a full cycle in the water column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dynamics of movement on fluid

A
  1. Streamlining and body shape: Reduces water resistance
  2. Reynolds number (Re): The ratio or coefficient of drag
  3. Countershading and Color
  4. Nekton Diversity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Body shapes of fish

A

Fusiform: shaped for fast, long swimming (tuna, sharks)

Laterally compressed: shaped to make tight, close turns (rock fish)

Eel-like: shaped to live in between sea grass, rock

Depression or Flat: shaped to rest or hide in the bottom (flounders)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Objects with a high Re…

A

Dynamics driven by objects large size and speed

- object continues to move because they have a momentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Objects with a low Re…

A

Dynamics driven by water viscosity

- After source of movement stops, object stops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Countershading

A

dark on top, light on bottom

- Most basic camouflage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nekton diversity

A
  • Invertebrates and reptiles
  • Fish
  • Deep sea fish
  • Marine mammals
  • Seabirds
  • Fisheries
17
Q

Two groups of fish

A

bony

cartilaginous (sharks and skates)

18
Q

Characteristics of cartilaginous fish

A
  • Placoid scales
  • Heterocercal tail
  • Exposed gill slits
  • Large pectoral fins
19
Q

Characteristics of bony fish

A
  • Cycloid scales
  • Homocercal tail
  • Operculum present
  • Small pectoral fins
  • Jaw morphology
20
Q

Four relevant families of bony fish

A
  1. Scrombridae (mackerel, tuna)
  2. Salmonidae (salmon and trouts)
  3. Pleuronectiforms (flatfish)
  4. Gadidae (cod and hake)
21
Q

Characteristics of the fish family: Scrombridae

A
  • Most schooling fish in surface waters
  • Migration

E.g. mackerel

22
Q

Characteristics of the fish family Salmonidae

A
  • Marine and freshwater species
  • Migratory but native to North hemisphere
  • Carnivorous

E.g. salmon

23
Q

Characteristics of the fish family Pleuronectiforms

A
  • Asymmetrical as adults, flattened body
  • All marine

E.g. flounders

24
Q

Characteristics of the fish family Gadidae

A
  • Marine
  • Slow growing
  • Long life span

E.g. cod

25
Q

Collapse of cod stocks

A

Allowed the build up of shrimp and crab

26
Q

Fishing down the trophic web

A

Overfishing; as top predators are removed from fishing, smaller fish lower in the web are targeted, reducing their numbers

27
Q

zones of the deep sea

A

Meso, bathy, Abyssopelagic

28
Q

How does the habitat of the deep sea compare to the epipelagic zone?

A
  • 10 times less abundant
  • lack of primary production
  • darker, colder, higher pressure
29
Q

Mesopelagic zone

A
  • Some twilling light but no photosynthesis
  • Zone where permanent thermocline occurs
  • Zone where the OML (oxygen minimum layer) occurs
30
Q

Where does the mesopelagic zone get its oxygen from?

A
  • Atmosphere exchange
  • Photosyntheis
  • Ocean conveyor belt
31
Q

Why is there a small increase in oxygen below the OML? (Oxygen minimum layer)

A

Lack of nutrients

32
Q

4 adaptations of the mesopelagic

A
  1. Bioluminescence and photophores: photophores located on ventral side; bioluminescent cells
  2. Sensory organs: Large, highly sensitive eyes
  3. ‘Hungry’ anatomy: Specialized feeding anatomy
  4. Vertical migration ability
33
Q

Conditions of the Abyssopelagic

A
  • Always dark
  • Always cold (1-2 degrees Celsius)
  • Under higher pressure
34
Q

Adaptations to the Abyssopelagic

A

No need for swim bladders, streamlining, colors, large eyes

Marine Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions