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Marine Biology > Water Circulation-Primary Productivity > Flashcards

Water Circulation-Primary Productivity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

thermocline variation in relation to latitude

A

Temperature at the top layer is the highest (tropics)

- wider thermoclines

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2
Q

strong summer thermocline

A

No vertical mixing

relatively difficult mixing and diffusion

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3
Q

thermocline variation in relation to season

A

Stronger in summer, weaker in winter

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4
Q

Weak winter thermocline

A

Full vertical mixing

- Has implications for ocean productivity and upwelling

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5
Q

Upwelling

A

The movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface

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6
Q

What does upwelling cause?

A

Nutrients + light near surface = photosynthesis

- surface currents, more plants, animals, fisheries

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7
Q

Why does upwelling matter?

A

Permanent upwelling areas support the richest fisheries

  • 1% sea surface
  • 50% of world fisheries
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8
Q

ENSO

A

El Nino Southern Oscillation

  • Starts ~December
  • Periodic (irregular) phenomenon
  • Influences weather; large scale
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9
Q

continental margin

A

Made up of continental shelf, continental slope and continental rise

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10
Q

pelagic zone

A

open water above the ocean floor

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11
Q

neritic zone (ocean)

A

Everything that is on top of the continental shelf

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12
Q

oceanic zone (ocean)

A

Everything beyond the continental shelf

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13
Q

water column

A

Vertical Zones of the ocean with changing conditions as depth increases.

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14
Q

layers of the water column

A
  1. Epipelagic (200 m)
  2. Mesopelagic (1,000m)
  3. Bathypelagic (4,000m)
  4. Hadal-pelagic (>6,000 m)
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15
Q

depth & conditions of epipelagic zone

A

0-200m; Photosynthesis

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16
Q

depth & conditions of mesopelagic zone

A

1,000m; Some light but no photosynthesis

17
Q

depth & conditions of bathypelagic zone

A

4,000 m; no light

18
Q

Depth & Conditions of Hadalpelagic zone

A

> 6,000 m; no light

19
Q

Benthos

A

Seafloor creatures

20
Q

Pelagos

A

Water column creatures

21
Q

Two groups of pelagos organisms

A
  1. Nekton; swim against currents
    - secondary producers
  2. Plankton; drifting
    - primary producers
22
Q

What are the limiting factors for phytoplankton photosynthesis?

A
  • Light

- Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, iron and silicon)

23
Q

Gross primary productivity

A

Total organic carbon produced by photosynthesis

24
Q

Net primary productivity

A

Total organic carbon minus the carbon used for respiration

25
Q

Compensation depth

A

Depth where photosynthesis = respiration meaning net productivity = 0

26
Q

What type of growth do phytoplankton show?

A

Exponential growth

- due to asexual reproduction

27
Q

temperate latitude and phytoplankton growth

A
  • two phytoplankton blooms (more intense in spring)

- limited by availability of light or nutrients (never both)

28
Q

Polar latitudes and phytoplankton growth

A
  • one bloom
  • limiting factor is sunlight
  • lots of nutrients because of upwelling
  • vertical mixing ( weak thermoclines)
29
Q

Tropical latitudes and phytoplankton growth

A
  • permanent thermocline as a barrier for vertical mixing

- nutrients are limiting factor

30
Q

Micro plankton size

A

20-200 um

31
Q

Nano plankton size

A

2-20 um

32
Q

Three groups of phytoplankton

A
  1. Diatoms
  2. Dinoflagellates
  3. coccolithophores
33
Q

Diatoms

A
  • microplankton; unicellular usually forming chains
  • cell wall made of silica
  • benthic habitat
34
Q

Dinoflagellates

A
  • microplankton With two flagella

- thick cellulose theca

35
Q

Coccolithophores

A

nanoplankton

  • highly reflective
  • removes co2 from atmosphere
36
Q

Describe the halocline

quiz question

A

Areas of water with a sharp change in salinity

37
Q

If you are on the coast of Peru, what happens to the thermocline during ENSO in comparison to La Nina? Any differences?
(Quiz question)

A

Thermocline during ENSO affects weather patterns and upwelling (regional) and La Nina returns conditions back to normal

Marine Biology (8 decks)

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