Zoonotics Rabies Flashcards
Which viruses can transmit from animals to hu, but not hu to hu?
- Rabies virus
- Sin Nombre virus
- WNV
Which viruses can transmit animals to hu and LIMITED hu to hu transmission?
- Ebola (filoviridae)
- cause hemorrhagic fever
host is bats in africa
Which viruses originate or persist in animals but can self sustain in hu transmission?
- Influenza virus
- SARS
- HIV
- Yellow fever
- Dengue fever
- Chikungunya
Majority of rabies death is due to what?
1 carrier in US are racoons and bats
> 99% is from dog bite injury
- bite of rabid dog= most common source of rabies in world
- bite of rabid bat = most common source of hu rabies in USA
So, Dog>bat in death overall
Rabies pathogenesis
Rabid animal bites –>
Virus replicates initially @ site of wound –>
Infects neurons innervating site –>
Infxn spreads retrograde thru axons to CNS
(no viremia) –>
Behavioral changes/sx develop
Post exposure propylaxis of rabies
- Tx of animal wounds
- Human rabies virus immunoglobulin (HRIG)
- passive immunization around area of wound - Rabies virus vaccine
- 4 doses (day 0, 3, 7, 14)
- inactivated
*expensive!
Sin Nombre virus: (no name)
- Geographic region
- Human disease
- Rodent host
North america
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
- prodromal: fever, chills, myalgia
- pain in legs/back can be very severe
- no cough at onset of illness
- Rodent exposure
Deer mouse
Fatality of hanta virus
40%
HOw is ebola transmitted?
personal contact or body fluids
- blood, urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, semen.
- droplets
Long term complications of ebola
joint and vision problems
Ebola virus can persist at various sites:
- eye
- semen
- amniotic fluid
- CNS
Where are large amts of rabies virus prduced once inside hu?
Salivary gland
How often does encephalitis and paralysis occur in rabies?
Encephalitis: 80%
- fever, hallucinations, seizures, hypersalivation
Paralytic: 20%
How to prevent HRIG from neutralizing the HDCV vaccine?
Never administer at same site or use same syringe/needle.
HRIG should be administered no later than 7 days after first vaccine administration due to vaccine-induced antibody response
Transmission os hanta virus?
rodent urine/feces
NOT hu to hu
*just like francisella
How is - sense RNA virus diff from + sense?
- ## sense must be transcribed to +, so they must bring their own RNA pol
