Resp Viruses II Flashcards
Which viruses cause acute infxn with replicaton confined to respiratory mucosal surfaces?
- Paramyxoviruses
- Parainfluenza
- RSV - Orthoimyxoviruses
- Influenza A,B,C - Coronavirus
- Picornavirus
Which viruses PERSISITENTLY replicate on respiratory mucosal surfaces
EBV
Adenovirus
Papillomavirus
Which viruses have systemic replication after primary replication on respiratory mucosal surfaces?
- Paramyxoviruses
- mumps, measles - VZV
- HHV6
- CMV
- Rubella
- Bunyaviruses
- Arenavirus
- Parvovirus
- Picornavirus
- Poxvirus
- Reovirus
Rhinoviruses
- Virus family
- usually assoc. with?
- How is it self limiting?
- How is it transmitted?
Common cold
Self limiting:
- Never systemic: likes to replicate at 33C in resp. tract
- Acid labile
- Resistant to drying and many detergents
Transmitted by fomites and aerosols
*note that picornaviruses are transmitted fecal-orally
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
- What is it?
- Sx?
- What caused it?
viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus
- High fever >100.4
- HA
- Discomfort/body aches
- Mild resp –> pneumonia
Due to spillover from wildlife to human host
(bats, palm civets)
Middle eastern repiratory syndrome (MERS)
caused by a coronaviruses
- get from camels via contact, inhalation, ingestion
Infxn –> prodrome –>
Acute illness –>
Fulminant illness (multiorgan failure) –>
Death
Adenovirus
- Type
- Organ systems involved
- Sx?
DS DNA virus
Icosahedral, nonenveloped
Involve Respiratory, GI tract, Eye
Most are asymptomatic
- Reactivated during immunosuppression
What causes more serious infxn? Upper or lower resp tract infxn?
Lower
Which viruses are reactivated during immunosuppression?
Adenovirus
*Measels causes death to secondary infxn due to immunosuppression
Mumps
- Natural reservoir
- Transmission
- Where do they replicate?
- Self limiting or have to treat?
Humans
Transmitted via saliva and respiratory secretions
Replicate in epithelial cells of the URT, LN, followed by viremia –> systemic infxn
- painful swelling in parotid gland 16-18 days after infxn
- Multiorgan infxn
Self limiting but can have systemic effects
Which viruses affect the URT/
Mumps
Vaccination for mumps
- Formalin-Inactivated
- Live-attenuated
- more common
Infxn of pregnant women with Measels virus can result in
- Premature labor
- Spontaneous abortion
- Low birth weight
Between measles and chicken pox, which one is important for transmission?
Chicken pox and Pox virus - vesicular/pustules imp for transmission
*measles are maculopapular rashses (local dilation of dermal blood vessels and are imp for transmission)
Is measles contagious?
One of the most infectious diseases known and is highly contagious
- but not bc of their maculopapular rash
- near universal infxn of all children in absence of vaccination
Cause of most acute measles deaths
secondary infections due to suppression of immune system
Measles virus
- transmission
- replicates where?
- sx
Respiratory transmission
Replicate in nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes + skin (esp at the end of the disease)
after 10-12 day incubation:
- dry cough
- sore throat
- high fever
- conjunctivitis
- red, maculopapular rash
- Koplik spots (red raised spots with white centers in mouth)
Parmyxovirinae family
- Parainfluenza virus
- Mumps
- Morbillivirus
- Measles
- Canine distemper virus
Pneumovirinae family
RSV
Most common causes of repiratory illnesses in young children
Paramyxoviruses
Which one causes repeated infxns throughout life? RSV or parainfluenza virus
both
What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and children under 1 yr of age?
RSV
What causes biennial outbreaks of croup in the fall?
Human Parainfluenza virus (HPIV-1)
Of the paramyxoviruses, which ones do not have a vaccine
RSV and parainfluenza virus
- too many serotypes
Macules
local dilation of dermal blood vessels
Papules
when edema and cellular infiltration is present
*pustules involves inflammatory rxn
