HIV pathogenesis and treatment

Question 1

HIV target

Answer 1

CD4 T lymphocyte serves as host cell for HIV
- cellular and humoral deficiency

–> progressive immunodeficiency –>
Higher rates of infxn
Higher rates of cancer

Question 2

Initial course of infxn

Answer 2

1. Acute febrile HIV infxn: Initial period of sickness: monolike illness
   - 2-3 weeks after HIV exposure
2. Gradual CD4 depletion

Question 3

CCR5 mutation

Answer 3

delta-32 bp deletion in CCR5 gene

• lack of expression of CCR5 on CD4 lymphocyte
• resisitant to HIV infxn or get benign course

Question 4

Primary HIV infxn

Answer 4

1. Maculopapular rsh
2. Myalgia
3. Pharyngitis
4. Cervical nodes
5. Arthralgia
6. Oral ulcers

• ect

Question 5

Risk of HIV transmission is highest when?

Answer 5

DUring initial acute febrile HIV infxn.

- Seroconversion

Question 6

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) - from jirovecii

Answer 6

diffuse alveolar infiltrate

• marked impairment of oxygenation
• can be fatal pneumonia

Question 7

Opportunistic organisms/infxns targeting indiv with HIV/AIDS

Answer 7

1. PCP
2. Kaposi sarcoma
3. CMV retinitis
4. Thrush
5. Toxoplasmosis (CNS)

Question 8

Boosting agents for HIV meds

Answer 8

Norvir

Tybost

• blocks cyt p450 enzymes

Question 9

Expected response to antiretroviral therapy (5)

Answer 9

1. Reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels
2. Increase CD4 count
3. Improvements of existing opportunistic comp.
4. Decreased mortality and morbidity
5. Reduced HIV transmission

Question 10

When was HIV introduced?

Answer 10

20th century