Zoonotic Viral Diseases I/II

Question 1

Causes wart-like papular lesions

Spread via towels

Answer 1

Molluscum contagiosum

Question 2

Orf lesion

Answer 2

Think poxvirus (spread by cows, sheep, etc.)

Question 3

Monkeypox

Answer 3

Spread by prairie dogs (like Yersinia pestis)

Look for brick-shaped poxvirus and virions in the cytoplasm

Question 4

Rhabdovirus

Enveloped

-ssRNA

Answer 4

Rabies

Spread via raccoons or bats in the U.S.

Question 5

Keywords:

Negri bodies

dFA of brain

Answer 5

Rabies

Question 6

Enveloped

+ssRNA

Only considered in patients with radiographically confirmed pneumonia who have a recent travel history

Answer 6

SARS coronavirus

Leads to ARDS

Spread via BATS

Question 7

Similar to SARS, but spread via camels

Answer 7

MERS

Question 8

Paramyxoviruses

Category C

Answer 8

Hendra/Nipah

Note: can infect both humans and horses (among others)

Question 9

How do Hendra/Nipah present?

Answer 9

Multisystemic vasculitis (tropism for brain, lungs, and spleen)

Progresses to Respiratory Distress and/or Acute Encephalitis

Question 10

What does the vaccine for Hendra/Nipah infections target

Answer 10

Equivac HeV targets BSL-4

Administered to horses (Australia)

Question 11

Arboviruses and rodent-borne viruses are all ENVELOPED except:

Answer 11

Reoviridae:

Colorado Tick Fever Virus

Question 12

2 important arenaviruses

Answer 12

Lassa Fever

LCMV

Question 13

LCMV

Answer 13

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

Spread via common house mouse

Ambisense RNA (small and large)

Question 14

Complications of LCMV

Answer 14

Aseptic meningitis or encephalitis

Leads to many complications in pregnancy (dangerously under-recognized cause)

Question 15

Why is LCMV consider a biphasic illness?

Answer 15

Initial phase: fever, muscle aches, headache

REMISSION (think you are better)

Second phase: meningitis or encephalitis

However, mortality is <1%

Question 16

-ssRNA (3 segments)

Answer 16

Bunyavirus

Question 17

Unique bunyavirus that is not transmitted via ticks

Answer 17

Hantavirus

Spread via the inhalation of rodent excreta

Remember: CCHF is spread by the Hyalomma tick which gives the virus a geographical limit

Question 18

HFRS

Answer 18

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

Fever, headache, hemorrhage, acute renal failure

Caused by hantavirus

Question 19

Sin Nombre Virus

Answer 19

Hantavirus with pulmonary syndrome (HPS)

Damage to the capillaries occurs in the lungs rather than in the kidney

Hits the “4 corners” (New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, Utah)

Question 20

How to treat HFRS and HPS

Answer 20

Supporative care

Ribavirin efficacy is unknown

Question 21

dsRNA (12 segments)

Not enveloped

Answer 21

Reoviridae:

Colorado Tick Fever Virus

Question 22

Arthropod borne flavivirus

Answer 22

West Nile

Causes encephalitis

Question 23

Other important flaviruses

Answer 23

Japanese encephalitis (culex mosquito)

Yellow Fever

Dengue

Question 24

What are the two types of Yellow Fever

Answer 24

Urban (aedes mosquito)

Jungal (humans are incidentally infected)

Question 25

Black Vomit

Jaundice

Did not take live attenuated vaccine

Answer 25

Yellow Fever

Question 26

Biggest arbovirus problem today

Answer 26

Dengue

4 serotypes (people who were previously infected with a different serotype are at greatest risk)

Question 27

Most important cause of pediatric arbovirus encephalitis

Answer 27

La Crosse Virus (aedes mosquito)

A bunyavirus