Zoonotic Viral Diseases I/II Flashcards
Causes wart-like papular lesions
Spread via towels
Molluscum contagiosum
Orf lesion
Think poxvirus (spread by cows, sheep, etc.)
Monkeypox
Spread by prairie dogs (like Yersinia pestis)
Look for brick-shaped poxvirus and virions in the cytoplasm
Rhabdovirus
Enveloped
-ssRNA
Rabies
Spread via raccoons or bats in the U.S.
Keywords:
Negri bodies
dFA of brain
Rabies
Enveloped
+ssRNA
Only considered in patients with radiographically confirmed pneumonia who have a recent travel history
SARS coronavirus
Leads to ARDS
Spread via BATS
Similar to SARS, but spread via camels
MERS
Paramyxoviruses
Category C
Hendra/Nipah
Note: can infect both humans and horses (among others)
How do Hendra/Nipah present?
Multisystemic vasculitis (tropism for brain, lungs, and spleen)
Progresses to Respiratory Distress and/or Acute Encephalitis
What does the vaccine for Hendra/Nipah infections target
Equivac HeV targets BSL-4
Administered to horses (Australia)
Arboviruses and rodent-borne viruses are all ENVELOPED except:
Reoviridae:
Colorado Tick Fever Virus
2 important arenaviruses
Lassa Fever
LCMV
LCMV
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
Spread via common house mouse
Ambisense RNA (small and large)
Complications of LCMV
Aseptic meningitis or encephalitis
Leads to many complications in pregnancy (dangerously under-recognized cause)
Why is LCMV consider a biphasic illness?
Initial phase: fever, muscle aches, headache
REMISSION (think you are better)
Second phase: meningitis or encephalitis
However, mortality is <1%
-ssRNA (3 segments)
Bunyavirus
Unique bunyavirus that is not transmitted via ticks
Hantavirus
Spread via the inhalation of rodent excreta
Remember: CCHF is spread by the Hyalomma tick which gives the virus a geographical limit
HFRS
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
Fever, headache, hemorrhage, acute renal failure
Caused by hantavirus
Sin Nombre Virus
Hantavirus with pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
Damage to the capillaries occurs in the lungs rather than in the kidney
Hits the “4 corners” (New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, Utah)
How to treat HFRS and HPS
Supporative care
Ribavirin efficacy is unknown
dsRNA (12 segments)
Not enveloped
Reoviridae:
Colorado Tick Fever Virus
Arthropod borne flavivirus
West Nile
Causes encephalitis
Other important flaviruses
Japanese encephalitis (culex mosquito)
Yellow Fever
Dengue
What are the two types of Yellow Fever
Urban (aedes mosquito)
Jungal (humans are incidentally infected)
Black Vomit
Jaundice
Did not take live attenuated vaccine
Yellow Fever
Biggest arbovirus problem today
Dengue
4 serotypes (people who were previously infected with a different serotype are at greatest risk)
Most important cause of pediatric arbovirus encephalitis
La Crosse Virus (aedes mosquito)
A bunyavirus
