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Multisystem Micro (Final) > Other Zoonotic & Vector-Borne Diseases > Flashcards

Other Zoonotic & Vector-Borne Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Zoonoses

A

Infections normally found in nonhuman vertebrates that are

transmitted to humans

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2
Q

Franciscella tularensis

A

“Rabits eat tulips”

Rabit fever

Tularemia = ulcers at the site of infection, fever, and weight loss

Glandular fever (think EBV/mono fever)

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3
Q

Small gram (-)

coccobacilli

stains poorly

Faculatative intracellular

Requires cysteine

A

Franciscella tularensis

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4
Q

Transmission of Franciscella tularensis

A

Highly infectious (alert lab before sending sample for serology)

Hard Tick bites, Exposure to mucous membranes, Aerosol (has been used as germ-warfare), Ingestion

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5
Q

Diseases transmitted by hard ticks

A

Lyme disease

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Tularemia

Colorado tick fever

Human tick-borne ehrlichiosis

American babesiosis

Tick paralysis

STARI (Southern tick-associated rash illness)

Anaplasmosis

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6
Q

Diseases transmitted by soft ticks

A

Tick-borne relapsing fever

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7
Q

Types of infections with Franciscella tularensis

A

Ulceroglandular (most common, skin)

Oculoglandular

Pneumonic (30% fatal)

Typhoidal (ingestion)

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8
Q

Why is Franciscella tularensis a good biological weapon?

A

Low infectious dose

Severe disease

Airborn transmission

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9
Q

Who is at risk for Franciscella tularensis

A

Rabit hunters

Kids who run over rabits while mowing the lawn

Lab workers

Veterinarians

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10
Q

Undulant fever after drinking unpasteurized milk

A

Brucella suis

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11
Q

Brucella suis

A

Humans: facultative intracellular parasites of RES

Animals: GU pathogens shed in milk (no vector)

Enter via mucous membranes, skin, ingestion/inhalation; engulfed by PMNs and macrophages; travel to regional lymph nodes; multiply in macrophages; phagocyctic cells of RES; killed by phagocytic cells or contained within granulomas (prone to recurrent bacteremia)

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12
Q

Which profession is most at risk for acquiring Brucella suis?

A

Lab workers

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13
Q

Complications of Brucella suis

A

Fever, night sweats, headache, chills, myalgias, and weight loss

Hepatic lesions, arthritis, meningitis, endocarditis

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14
Q

Lymphadenopathy + new kitten

A

Bartonella henselae (flea vector)

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15
Q

Trench fever + Vector

A

Bartonella quintana (body louse)

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16
Q

Carrion’s disease

A

Limited to the Andes (Peru)

Bartonella bacilliformis (sand fly vector)

1st phase: Oroya fever (hemolytic anemia)

2nd phase: Verruga peruana (Peruvian warts)

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17
Q

Febrile bacteremia

A

Trench Fever (5 day fever)

Bartonella quintana

Immunocompromised = bacillary angiomatosis + endocarditis

18
Q

Girl scratched by cat

Two-week history of swelling behind her ear

Diagnosis/confirmatory test/treatment?

A

Bartonella henselae

Serologic analysis

Lymph node drainage + azithromycin

19
Q

Vector for brucella?

A

Does not have one

20
Q

Can grow on artificial media

Found in RBCs

A

Bartonella

21
Q

Obligate intracellular bacteria

Transmitted by arthropods

A

Rickettsiaceae

22
Q

Tick-borne Rickettsia

A

Rickettsia rickettssii (RMSF)

23
Q

Mite-borne Rickettsia

A

Rickettsia akari (Rickettsialpox)

Orientia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus)

24
Q

Louse-borne Rickettsia

A

Rickettsia prowasekii (epidemic typhus)

25
Q

Flea-borne Rickettsia

A

Rickettsia typhi (murine endemic typhus)

26
Q

Gram - coccobacilli

Requires host cell for many functions

Movement from cell to cell involves actin polymerization

A

Rickettsia

27
Q

Pathogenesis of Spotted Fever and Typhus (the two groups of Rickettsia)

A

Vasculitis

Proliferation of the organisms in the endothelial lining of small arteries, veins, capillaries

Skin rash + Severe headache

28
Q

EM slide with comet-like tail

A

Rickettsia

Do not confuse with comet-tail from ultrasound (pulmonary edema)

29
Q

Which age group is most susceptible to RMSF (Rickettsia rickettssii)?

A

Age 0-9 are 5x more likely

30
Q

Most effective treatment for RMSF

A

Doxy

Common misperceptions about side effects. Short courses = no problems with tooth staining or weakening of enamel

31
Q

Rash that looks like chicken pox

Eschar at site of bite

A

Rickettsia akari

Do not confuse this eschar with that of anthrax

32
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii

A

Prowazekki

Places of war (Somalia)

Causes epidemic typhus

Typhus means “smoky/hazy” (describing complications in the mind)

Signs of meningoencephalitis begin with the rash and continue into the 2nd or 3rd weeks. Other signs of meningoencephalitis include sensitivity to light or photophobia, delirium or altered mental status, or coma

33
Q

Military importance in Vietnam

A

Orienta tsutsugamushi

aka Scrub typhus

34
Q

Rickettsia typhi

A

Murine/Endemic typhus

Form of typhus transmitted by fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), usually on rats

35
Q

Obligate intracellular

Survive in cytoplasmic vacuoles of mammalian hematopoetic cells

A

Anaplasmataceae (Anaplasma & Ehrlichia)

Contrast with Rickettsia/Orienta that live in endothelial cells

36
Q

Transmitted by the lone star tick

Inclusions in monocytes/macrophages

Headache, Muscle Ache, Fatigue

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis (HME)

37
Q

What does Ehrlichia chaffeensis (HME) do?

A

Blunts the immune system, allowing opportunistic infections to take over

38
Q

Inclusions in granulocytes

Transmitted by Ixodes tick

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

39
Q

Transmitted via tick feces or cattle placenta

Flu-like symptoms

Diffuse perspiration

A

Q fever

Coxiella burnetti

40
Q

Other complications of Coxiella burnetti

A

Atypical pneumonia

Rarely, endocarditis

Can occur decades after initial infection

41
Q

Any question that mentions armadillos

A

Mycobacterium leprae

Multisystem Micro (Final) (11 decks)

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