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Final Multisystems Microbiology > Zoonotic Viral Diseases I/II > Flashcards

Zoonotic Viral Diseases I/II Flashcards

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1
Q

This deck will cover all the new zoonotic viruses that weren’t already covered in another deck.

A

Carry on

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2
Q

Let’s start with rabies. Describe the structure

A

-ssRNA, enveloped, bullet-shaped, helical nuclear capsid

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3
Q

Who carries rabies around?

A
  1. bats
  2. raccoons
  3. skunks
  4. foxes
  5. coyotes
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4
Q

Describe the pathophys of rabies virus?

A

Virus contains glycoprotein which binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on postsynaptic membrane of NMJ.
Virus travels retrograde via peripheral nerves to dorsal root ganglia; affects pyramidal cells of hippocampus and Purkinje cells

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5
Q

What sx will you get with rabies?

A

salivation, dysphagia (spasms in muscles of larynx/throat), muscle spasms, fever, acute encephalitis, uniformly fatal (untreated) with incubation of weeks/ months`

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6
Q

Dx of rabies???

A

dFA of brain (direct fluorescence antibody stain).

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7
Q

What will you see on Histo for rabies?

A

Negri bodies=eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (in pyramidal cells of hippocampus and purkinje cells)

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8
Q

What do you do when you get bit by a bat and you’re like OMG I’M GONNA GET THE RABIES WHATDOIDOWHATDOITDOWHATDOIDO

A

after bite in someone who was never vaccinated→ post-exposure anti-rabies vaccine and passive antibody (HRIG)

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9
Q

What is the structure of Coronavirus?

A

+ssRNA, helical capsule

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10
Q

What are the sx of Coronavirus?

A

Can cause:

  1. acute bronchitis that leads to ARDS, 2. common cold
  2. SARS
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11
Q

Source of coronavirus

A

bats and other animals (civet) in Asian game market

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12
Q

What is MERS-CoV?

A

MERS-CoV: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Likely from camels, carried by bats

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13
Q

How do you dx coronavirus?

A

antibodies to SAR confirmed with PCR

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14
Q

Tx for coronavirus?

A
  1. broad spectrum antibiotics
  2. ribavarin
  3. corticosteroids
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15
Q

Where will you get Hendra virus?

A

flying fox bat, horses in Australia

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16
Q

Where will you get Nipah virus?

A

Bat, pigs in Malaysia

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17
Q

What kind of viruses are Hendra and Nipah virus?

A

Paramyxoviruses

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18
Q

What can Nipah/Hendra virus cause?

A

Multisystemic vasculitis→ thrombosis, ischemia, and necrosis. Can lead to disease of brain (acute encephalitis), lung (pneumonitis) and spleen.

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19
Q

Structure of Hantavirus? Genome?

A

-ssRNA, enveloped

Genome contains 3 RNA segments: L, M, S

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20
Q

How is Hantavirus transmitted?

A

Inhalation of infected rodent excrement or direct contact through skin

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21
Q

What does Hantavirus cause?

A

HFRS (hemorrhagic fever w/ renal syndrome) aka hantavirus disease =fever, HA, hemorrhage, acute renal failure.

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22
Q

What can Sin Nombre virus cause?

A

HA, back/abd pain, fever, chills, nausea, blurred vision, HFRS, HPS (Hanta pulmonary syndrome**this syndrome is mostly caused by Sin Nombre virus, despite the name)

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23
Q

How is Sin Nombre virus transmitted?

A

Inhalation exposure in the Four Corners region of US

24
Q

Tx for Sin Nombre?

A

Supportive

25
Q

What kind of virus is Sin Nombre virus?

A

Bunyavirus

26
Q

Strucutre of Flavivirus?

A

+ssRNA, enveloped, non-segmented

27
Q

Tell me some things about Japanese encephalitis (Caused by flavivirus)

  1. Transmission
  2. Dx?
  3. Tx?
A
  1. transmission involves culex mosquitoes, birds and pigs
  2. Dx: serology
  3. Tx: NONE WAH
28
Q

Are most infections by Japanese encephalitis super duper bad like you’re gonna die today kind of bad?

A

No. No, it’s actually usually subclinical. Relax, kid.

29
Q

There are two kinds of Yellow Fever (caused by flavivirus). Tell me about them.

A
  1. Jungle form: natural reservoir of dz, cycle in non-human primates and forest mosquitoes. Humans incidentally infected when in jungle.
  2. Urban form: transmitted between humans by Aedes aegypti mosquito.
30
Q

What are the sx of Yellow Fever?

A
  1. chills
  2. HA
  3. f/n/v
  4. “Black vomit” and liver dz→ jaundice
  5. blood diarrhea
  6. backache
31
Q

Dx, Tx, and vaccine for Yellow Fever?

A

Dx: serology
Tx: none. wah.
Vaccine: live attenuated

32
Q

Where are you most likely to get Yellow Fever?

A

W. Africa

S. America

33
Q

Where are you most likely to get Dengue fever?

A

SE Asia
Africa
Caribbean
S. America

34
Q

What are the sx of dengue fever?

A
  1. “break bone fever”
  2. lymphadenopathy
  3. myalgia
  4. bone/joint pains
  5. headache (retro orbital)
  6. maculopapular rash.
35
Q

What can happen to people previously infected with a different Dengue serotype?

A
  1. hemorrhagic fever
  2. renal failure
  3. septic shock
36
Q

How many serotypes of Dengue are there? What’s special about type 2?

A

4 types

type 2 affects the bone marrow -> thrombocytopenia->spontaneous bleeding.

37
Q

Dx and Tx of Dengue fever?

A

Dx: serology
Tx: Supportive

38
Q

What’s the reservoir and vector for West Nile virus?

A 
reservoir = birds
vector = culex mosquito
39
Q

What are the lovely sx of West Nile virus?

A

myelitis → flaccid paralysis, seizures and coma; encephalitis

40
Q

Tx for West Nile virus?

A

supportive

41
Q

Structure of togavirus?

A

+ssRNA, enveloped

42
Q

What sx do you see with togavirus?

A

Flu-like sx→ encephalitis 3-10 days post infection. Generally self-limited.

Possible paralysis, mental disorders, death

43
Q

Transmission of togavirus?

A

Reservoir=Horse

Vector=mosquito

44
Q

Tell me about EEE?

A 
found in Eastern U.S.  
Rarest. 
Mostly asymptomatic or nonspecific fever. 
Neuro involvement seen in 1 in 23. 
30% fatality.
45
Q

Tell me about WEE?

A

Found in Western U.S.
More frequent.
Neuro involvement seen in 1 in 1000 adults, 1 in 25 infants (may cause permanent brain damage in infants)
60% of survivors have neuro impairment.

46
Q

Tell me about VEE?

A

Found in Central and S. America; incompletely understood.
Sx=acute fever 2-6 days post infection with major systemic sx
Neuro involvement less common and less severe than EEE/WEE.

47
Q

Is there a treatment for togavirus causing EEE, VEE or WEE?

A

NO

48
Q

Structure of Reovirus?

A

**dsRNA, 9-12 segments, non-enveloped, icosahedral

49
Q

Two reoviruses you should know

A
  1. Rotavirus

2. Colorado tick virus

50
Q

What are the sx of rotavirus? Who is most at risk?

A

1 cause of watery diarrhea in kids

51
Q

What toxin mediated the watery diarrhea in rotavirus?

A

NSP4 toxin which increases chloride permeability

52
Q

Transmission of rotavirus?

A

fecal-oral transmission

53
Q

What are the sx of Colorado Tick virus?

A

Colorado tick fever→ generally mild or subclinical. Acute dz resembles dengue→ fever, chills, HA, myalgia, arthralgia, photophobia, lethargy.

Found in Rocky Mountain states; differentiated from RMSF because no rash.

54
Q

Transmission of Colorado Tick Virus?

A 
Wood tick
Many reservoirs (squirrels, rabbits, deers)
55
Q

Tx for rotavirus?

A

Oral rehydration

56
Q

Vaccine for rotavirus?

A

Oral, live attenuated (give before 3 months age). Increases risk of intussusception due to enlargement of Peyer’s patches

Final Multisystems Microbiology (16 decks)

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